（通用版）2019中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 動詞講義

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1、動詞 學(xué)員姓名： 年 級： 輔導(dǎo)科目：英語 學(xué)科教師： 授課日期 授課時段 授課主題 動詞 教學(xué)內(nèi)容 課前回顧 知識梳理 知識點(diǎn)1：動詞 I. 動詞的定義： 動詞是表示動作或狀態(tài)的詞。 例如： work，工作 , study，學(xué)習(xí)，eat 吃。 II. 動詞的分類： 1) 限定動詞：限定動詞在句中作謂語，有人稱和數(shù)的變化。 2) 非限定動詞：有動詞不定式，動名詞和分詞三種。在句中不能單獨(dú)作謂語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。 3) 實(shí)義動詞：有完整的詞義，并能單獨(dú)作謂語，實(shí)義動詞又可分為及物動詞和

2、不及物動詞。例如：study 學(xué)習(xí), reach 到達(dá), see 看見, rise 升起。 4）連系動詞: 在句中作謂語動詞，后面跟表語。連系動詞有 be, seem, look, become, get, grow, feel。 5) 助動詞: 只能和主要動詞一起構(gòu)成各種時態(tài)，語態(tài)和語氣等動詞形式。例如：do, shall, will, have, has. 6) 情態(tài)動詞: 表示能力，義務(wù)，必要，猜測等說話人的語氣或情態(tài)。情態(tài)動詞只能和動詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語動詞。情態(tài)動詞有 can, will, have, be, should, do, would, 等 Can/ may/ mu

3、st用法概覽 情態(tài)動詞 許可 猜測 其他 can 可以 / 表能力，“能夠，會” be able to can’t 不可以 不可能 表示不能做，能力的缺失 may 可以 可能 表祝愿 May you be happy! must / 一定 表義務(wù)，必須 have to mustn’t 不可以，禁止 / / 隨堂練習(xí)： 1. You ________ lose your way if you walk alone in the mountains at night. A. may B. need

4、 C. should D. ought to 2. For our safety, we ______ drive cars after drinking any wines. A) can’t B) needn’t C) shouldn’t D) mustn’t 3. Can you speak louder, please? I ________ hear you clearly. A. mustn't B. shouldn't C. needn't D. can't 4. Passengers ______

5、stay seated during the take-off and landing. A) can B) may C) should D) must 5. Computers __________solve many difficult problems quickly. A) can B) must C) need D) should 6. It ________ be fantastic if more students join in the charity show tomorrow. A must

6、B need C can D may 關(guān)于問答句 Can I…? Yes, you can/ may. No, you can’t/mustn’t. May I…? 同上 Must I…? Yes, you must. No, you needn’t.= No, you don’t have to. 隨堂練習(xí)： 1.---Mum, can you buy me the new iPad after the High School Entrance Examination? --- I’m afraid I _______, dear. We

7、are short of money now. A can’t B mustn’t C shouldn’t D needn’t 2. ---Must we finish the poster in class? ---No, you _________ . You can finish it after class. A．Mustn’t B. needn’t C. shouldn’t D. can’t 關(guān)于need的考點(diǎn) 情態(tài)動詞：need do 行為動詞：need

8、 to do，need sth. 1. Plants and flowers __________ water and sun when they start growing. A. need to B. don't need C. needn't D. need 2. There is still quite a lot of meat in the fridge, so you __________ buy any more. A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. shouldn’t

9、3. The weather report says it won’t rain this afternoon, so you_________take an umbrella with you. A) shouldn’t B) mustn’t C) can’t D) needn’t 隨堂練習(xí)： 1. Passengers ______ stay seated during the take-off and landing. A) can B) may C) should D) must 2. Millie ______ come to attend your birthda

10、y party tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet. A) may B) must C) need D) has to 3. Computers __________solve many difficult problems quickly. A) can B) must C) need D) should 4. Some Americans think if students chew gum（咀嚼口香糖）in class, they _______ focus on

11、their study. A) may not B) needn’t C) shouldn’t D) mustn’t 5. There is still quite a lot of meat in the fridge, so you __________ buy any more. A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. shouldn’t 6. The weather report says it won’t rain this afternoon, so you take an umbrella wi

12、th you. A) shouldn’t B) mustn’t C) can’t D) needn’t 7. Cathy has to do the same thing every day. She ______ be very bored with her job. A) can B) need C) should D) must 8. —The manager says there’s no hot water after 8:00p.m. —You mean we ________ go to bed w

13、ithout a shower. How terrible! A) have to B) may C) must D) can 9. You ________ watch sports news for a while if you have finished your homework. A) must B) need C) should D) may 10. On School Open Day, parents ________ know how colorful their kids’ school life is. A) should B) can C)

14、 must D) need 11. For our safety, we ______ drive cars after drinking any wines. A) can’t B) needn’t C) shouldn’t D) mustn’t 12.Plants and flowers __________ water and sun when they start growing. A. need to B. don't need C. needn't D. need 13. You have already tried your b

15、est, so you ________ worry too much about the exams. A. can't B. needn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't 14. Only you ________ do such a thing, I'm sure, and nobody else has such an ability. A. must B. should C. may D. can 15. You ______ worry

16、about your son. He can take care of himself. A. can’t B. may not C. mustn’t D. needn’t 16 ---Mum, will you buy me the new iPad after the High School Entrance Examination? --- I’m afraid I _______, dear. We are short of money now. A can’t Bmustn’t

17、C shouldn’t D needn’t 17. It ________ be fantastic if more students join in the charity show tomorrow. A must B need C can D may 18. Nowadays even a small personal computer _________ store huge amounts of information. A. must B. need C. should

18、 D. can 19. Every citizen ________ try his best to protect our environment. It’s our duty. A. need B. must C. can D. may 20. ---Must we finish the poster in class? ---No, you _________. You can finish it after class. A．Mustn’t B. needn’t C. shouldn’t

19、 D. can’t 21. Christy has been in China for two years, but she still _______ speak Chinese. A. needn't B. can't C. mustn't D. shouldn't 22. Tom, you mustn't play with fire. You hurt yourself if you don't stop. A. may B. can C. shoul

20、d D. need to 23. You ______ wash your car at the moment. It’s going to rain. A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. can’t 24. Can you speak louder, please? I ________ hear you clearly. A. mustn't B. shouldn't C. needn't D. can't Keys:

21、 DAAAB DDADB DDBDD AADBB BAAD 非謂語動詞 非謂語動詞有動詞不定式（the Infinitive）；動名詞（the Gerund）；現(xiàn)在分詞（the Present Participle）；過去分詞（the Past Participle）。初中階段需要掌握的主要是動名詞和不定式的固定搭配，及使動用法的詞現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的用法差別。 固定搭配： 1) enjoy doing sth. 喜歡做某事 2) keep /keep on /carry on doing sth. 繼續(xù)做某事 3) feel like doing sth. 想要

22、做某事 4) practice doing sth. 練習(xí)作某事 5) give up doing sth. 放棄作某事 6) be good at/ do well in doing sth. 擅長作某事 7) pay attention to doing sth. 注意作某事 8) what about/ how about doing sth.….怎么樣(好嗎)? 9) Thank you for doing sth. 為…感謝某人 10) mind doing sth. 介意做某事 11) be used for doing sth./ be us

23、ed to do sth. 被用來做某事 12) spend …(in) doing sth. 花時間作某時 13) be busy doing/ with sth. 忙于作某事 14) finish doing sth. 做完某事 15) look forward to doing. 盼望做某事 16) prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 喜歡…勝過… 17) be/get used to doing sth. 習(xí)慣于做某事 18) keep / stop/ prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事

24、 省略動詞不定式的短語作賓補(bǔ) 1) 一感、兩聽、三讓、四看、半幫助 see/ hear/ feel/ notice/watch/ look at /listen to sb. do sth. 看見/聽見/感覺/注意某人作某事 I heard her sing in the next room last night. （指事情過程，已經(jīng)發(fā)生過了） I heard her singing in her room when I passed by. （指事情正在發(fā)生） make /let /have sb. do sth. 使/讓某人做某事 help sb. (to) do sth.

25、 幫助某人做某事 2) had better (not) do sth. 最好(不)做某事 3) Why don’t you/ not do sth.為什么不作某事 同義詞比較 1、stop to do sth. 停下正在做的事去做另一件事 stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事 2、forget / remember to do sth. 忘記/記得要去作某事 forget / remember doing sth. 忘記/記得曾經(jīng)做過某事 3、used to do sth. 過去常常作某事 be used to d

26、o sth. 被用來作某事 be used to doing sth. 習(xí)慣于作某事 4、like /love doing sth. 喜歡做某事，抽象概念 like/love to do sth. 想要做某事，不一定是喜歡 5、v. ing 與 v. ed 用法： 分詞做表語有兩種情況，一種是現(xiàn)在分詞做表語，一種是過去分詞做表語，這兩者區(qū)別是考試中經(jīng)?？嫉降牡胤?。一般來說，表示心理狀態(tài)的動詞如excite， interest等都是及物動詞，漢語意思不是“激動”，“高興”，而是“使激動”、“使高興”，因而現(xiàn)在分詞應(yīng)該是“令人激動的”、“令人高興的”

27、，過去分詞則是“感到激動的”和“感到高興的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。換句話說，若人對……感興趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有興趣時，就是說sb./sth. is interesting.這類詞常見的有： interesting使人感到高興--interested感到高興的 exciting令人激動的--excited感到激動的 delighting令人高興的--delighted感到高興的 disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 encoura

28、ging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 puzzling令人費(fèi)解的--puzzled感到費(fèi)解的 satisfying令人滿意的---satisfied感到滿意的 surprising令人驚異的--surprised感到驚異的 worrying令人擔(dān)心的--worried感到擔(dān)心的 Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲勞。 The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如

29、果要學(xué)生學(xué)得太多，他們會感到糊涂的。 The argument is very convincing．他的論點(diǎn)很令人信服。 They were very excited at the news．聽到這個消息，他們非常激動。 III. 動詞的基本形式： 英語動詞有四種基本形式：動詞原形，過去式，過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。這四種動詞形式和助動詞一起構(gòu)成動詞的時態(tài)，語態(tài)和語氣。 1) 動詞的原形。就是詞典中所給的形式。例如：be, have, buy, sit. 2) 動詞過去式和過去分詞的構(gòu)成有規(guī)則的和不規(guī)則的兩種形式。規(guī)則動詞的過去式和過去分詞，由在原形動詞的后面加詞尾 -ed 構(gòu)

30、成。例如：work - worked - worked. 不規(guī)則動詞的過去式和過去分詞的形式是不規(guī)則的，須要一一記憶。 例如：go - went - gone, do - did - done. 3) 動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞由動詞原形加 -ing 構(gòu)成。構(gòu)成方法如下： a）一般情況在動詞原形后加 -ing 。例如：go---going stand---standing b）以不發(fā)音的 e 結(jié)尾的動詞，去掉 e ，再加 -ing. 動詞是閉音節(jié)的單音節(jié)詞，或是以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的多音節(jié)詞，而末尾只有一輔音字母時，這個輔音字母須雙寫，然后再加 ing。例如：arrive- arriving　　ge

31、t- getting. c）少數(shù)幾個以 -ie 結(jié)尾的動詞，須將 ie 變成 y ，再加 ing. 例如：die--dying lie--lying。 隨堂練習(xí)： 中考題 1.As we all know, it's not polite to keep others __________for a long time. （2011上海中考） A.wait B. waited C. to wait D. waiting 2.You had better_______ because you have to drive back

32、home. （2011上海中考） A. not drinking B. not drink C.don't drink D. not to drink 3. Before going to the History Museum, our teacher told us _________ the public rules. （2010上海中考） A. obey B. to obey C. obeying D. obeyed 4. The woman feels that she should let her son ____

33、___his own decision this time. （2009上海中考） A.makes B.make C.to make D.making 5. Susan finally became a popular singer after he practiced _________for years. （2009上海中考） A.sing B.to sing C.singing D.sang 6. Our headmaster asked us __________ a rep

34、ort on how to protect wild animals. （2008上海中考） A. write B. writing C. to write D. wrote 7.We’d better _____ off our mobile phones. The meet will start in a minute. A. to turn B. turning C. turn D. turned 8. What are you going to do whe

35、n you finish ______the room? A) to clean B)cleaning C)clean D)cleaned 9. We’ll make laws______ our environment. 10. A) protected B) protecting C) to protect D) protect 10. My little brother hopes the film Dad, Where are We Going

36、, though he has seen it twice. A) to see B) see C) to seeing D) saw 11. While in college, Mike never minded extra work for his class. A) to do B) doing C) do D) did 12. To live a green life, we try ________ more energy

37、 and produce less pollution. A. to save B. save C. saves D. saved 13. Mr. White spent about one hour and a half __________ the accident report yesterday evening. A. write B. written C. writing D. to write 14. Children are often warned ______ t

38、he fire. ??? A)??not to play ???????B)?to play???????????? C)?don’t play??????????? D) doesn’t play 15. We’d rather _______ some books instead of playing computer games. A) read B) to read C) reading D) reads 課堂小結(jié) 課后復(fù)習(xí) 1. Linda and her mother are busy___

39、____ the necessary things into their suitcases. A) pack B) packing C) packed D) to pack 2. Even in the police station, the thief still denied ______ the girl’s wallet from her pocket. A) steal B) stole C) stealing D) to steal 3. All of the teacher

40、s and students hope ____a successful result in the project. A) have B)to have C)have D)having 4. All the people were amazed that the girl could keep ______ for hours. A) turn B) turning C) to turn D) turned 5. In order to have a

41、 good sleep, you should let your body______. A) relax B)relaxes C)to relax D)relaxing 6. You had better with her about the colour and the size of the furniture. A) discussed B) discussing C) to discuss D).discuss 7. It is not easy for the Chinese ______for a Vis

42、a(簽證)to the USA. A. apply B. to apply C. applying D. applied 8. I’ll invite you to my new flat as soon as I finish ______it. A. decorating B. decorate C. to decorate D. decorated 9. If I can’t finish _____________my homework now, I’ll go on wit

43、h it after supper. A. do B. doing C. did D. to do 10. Nowadays most of the Chinese have decided ____ a trip to Malaysia. A. don’t take B. not to take C. not take D. won’t take 11. During the summer holidays, the girl practised ___ the piano for three hours every day. A. play B. plays C. to play D. playing 10