北京市2019中考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 閱讀理解（6）

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1、北京2019中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解（六） 專(zhuān)題十八 閱讀理解 第6講 北京東城二模閱讀理解CD篇 教學(xué)目標(biāo) 1. 掌握本篇閱讀理解中出現(xiàn)的高頻詞及長(zhǎng)難句。 2. 掌握閱讀理解的解題技巧, 并能夠指出本篇閱讀理解中運(yùn)用到的解題技巧。 3. 通過(guò)閱讀理解高頻詞、長(zhǎng)難句等語(yǔ)料的積累, 及閱讀理解解題技巧的練習(xí), 靈活應(yīng)對(duì)各種閱讀理解題。 C篇 名師點(diǎn)撥 知識(shí)篇 “巧婦難為無(wú)米之炊”, 在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程中, 語(yǔ)料的積累至關(guān)重要。對(duì)于閱讀理解高頻詞和長(zhǎng)難句的梳理, 能夠?yàn)槲覀兘窈蟮膶W(xué)習(xí)和提升打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。 親愛(ài)的同學(xué), 老師已經(jīng)為你梳理出了本篇文

2、章中的一些高頻詞和長(zhǎng)難句, 快來(lái)看看你掌握了嗎？ 高頻詞（課前檢測(cè)學(xué)生的詞匯量?jī)?chǔ)備, 以教師提問(wèn)的形式進(jìn)行。能夠準(zhǔn)確翻譯的為優(yōu), 模糊翻譯的良, 不會(huì)翻譯的為差。） 單詞/短語(yǔ) 詞性 詞義 拓展 掌握情況 優(yōu) 良 差 improvement n. 改進(jìn)，改善 v. improve technology n. 科技 especially adv. 尤其地 support v. 支持 communication n. 交流 v. communicate powerf

3、ul adj. 強(qiáng)大的 benefit n. 利益，好處 transportation n. 運(yùn)輸 depend on 依賴 disadvantage n. 缺點(diǎn) opp. advantage regular adj. 有規(guī)律的 長(zhǎng)難句（課前檢測(cè)學(xué)生的句型儲(chǔ)備, 以教師提問(wèn)的形式進(jìn)行。能夠準(zhǔn)確翻譯的為優(yōu), 模糊翻譯的良, 不會(huì)翻譯的為差。） 1. One benefit for companies is that it can save money.

4、（優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：對(duì)于公司來(lái)說(shuō)一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)是它能節(jié)省錢(qián)。 本句中包含一個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句，翻譯時(shí)要注意。 2. Even though there are many benefits to telework, there are also some disadvantages.（優(yōu)*良*差*） ____________________________________________

5、_____________________________________________________ 句意：盡管telework有許多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但也有一些缺點(diǎn)。 本句是由even though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，可以積累even though這個(gè)短語(yǔ)。 3. If the worker is not in the office, managers don't know what they are doing. （優(yōu)*良*差*） _______________________________________________________________________________

6、__________________ 句意：如果員工不在辦公室里，經(jīng)理就不知道他們正在做什么。 本句首先含有一個(gè)由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，其次含有一個(gè)由what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句做know的賓語(yǔ)。 方法篇 “方法得當(dāng), 事半功倍。”只有語(yǔ)料的積累, 沒(méi)有好方法的輔助也是不夠的。對(duì)于閱讀理解解題方法的梳理, 能夠幫助我們更好地理解閱讀理解的命題邏輯, 在有足夠語(yǔ)料積累的基礎(chǔ)上, 能夠幫助我們爭(zhēng)取高分。 親愛(ài)的同學(xué), 老師已經(jīng)為你精心整理了閱讀理解的解題技巧, 快來(lái)看看你掌握了多少？ 一、閱讀理解解題步驟 第一步 快速瀏覽全文，了解文章大概。 瀏覽時(shí)要注意以下句子：每段的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)

7、尾，重要的情節(jié)句子，如果遇到未學(xué)或不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞或不理解的句子，可以根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)，切不可停留而放慢速度。 第二步 瀏覽問(wèn)題，明確要求。 把文章后每個(gè)題目?jī)?nèi)容看明白，這樣又能輔助進(jìn)一步理解文章的主要內(nèi)容，具體做題時(shí)就能對(duì)號(hào)入座，找到文章中確切表達(dá)所要回答問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵句子。 第三步 通篇尋讀，確定段落。 也就是帶著問(wèn)題去讀，找到要回答問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵詞、句或意群，以及任何有關(guān)答題的信息，用鉛筆畫(huà)下來(lái)，以便為下一步答題做好充分準(zhǔn)備。 第四步 逐條分析，對(duì)號(hào)入座。 把需要回答的問(wèn)題和尋讀中找到的信息逐條分析，對(duì)號(hào)入座。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，出題者問(wèn)題設(shè)計(jì)都是按照文章內(nèi)容自上到下順序設(shè)計(jì)的，根據(jù)難度先解決

8、容易的，最后解決深層次的理解題。 第五步 復(fù)讀全文，驗(yàn)證答案。 全部題目做完后，必須再仔細(xì)閱讀一遍全文，進(jìn)一步加深對(duì)文章理解，核實(shí)所選答案是否正確。 二、閱讀理解解題技巧 初中英語(yǔ)選擇型閱讀理解題主要分為四種題型，分別是細(xì)節(jié)理解題，推理判斷題，猜測(cè)詞義題和主旨大意題。接下來(lái)我們將從這四種題型的定義，設(shè)題方式和解題技巧三方面進(jìn)行介紹。 題型 題型一：細(xì)節(jié)理解題 解釋 本類(lèi)試題主要考察學(xué)生對(duì)閱讀材料中的某一特定細(xì)節(jié)或文章的主要事實(shí)的理解能力。問(wèn)題包括詢問(wèn)人（who）、物（what）、時(shí)間（when）、地點(diǎn)（where）、原因（cause）、結(jié)果（effect）、文中的數(shù)據(jù)

9、（data）等。新聞、說(shuō)明文、廣告信息等常?？疾爝@些細(xì)節(jié)。 設(shè)題方式 1. Which of the following statements is true/false? 2. Which of the following is (not) mentioned? 3. According to the passage, when( where, why, how, who, etc)…? 解題技巧 1. 細(xì)心審題，直接就題找答案 2. 變通理解，間接轉(zhuǎn)述找答案 3. 多點(diǎn)歸納，綜合事實(shí)找答案 典題精析 Which hand do you use when write? A

10、bout 8 to 15 percent of people are left handed. They often have to use tools that are designed for right-handed people. So it is difficult for left-handers to use most tools. If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Don’t be

11、 surprised if you feel awkward（別扭的）. If right-handers cut up potatoes with their left hand, they will . A. get hurt B. give up cutting C. feel awkward D. change their tools 本題可以運(yùn)用到解題技巧1. 細(xì)心審題，直接就題找答案 瀏覽題干，確定關(guān)鍵短語(yǔ)為cut up potatoes with their left hand，瀏覽段落，確定關(guān)鍵句 If you are right handed, try

12、 this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Don’t be surprised if you feel awkward（別扭的）.“如果你是一個(gè)習(xí)慣用右手的人，用左手拿刀把土豆切成塊。如果你感到別扭并不讓人驚訝。”，根據(jù)句意即可推斷出正確答案，故選C。 題型 題型二：推理判斷題 解釋 推理判斷題著重考察學(xué)生的邏輯思維能力，即要求學(xué)生根據(jù)文章的邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行推理判斷。此類(lèi)題目難度大，涉及面廣，如人物的性格、心理，故事的結(jié)局、寓意，文章的出處、體裁，作者

13、的傾向、態(tài)度等。 設(shè)題方式 1. It can be inferred from the text that_____. 2. From the text we know that _____. 3. With which of the following does the author agree? 4. The passage is probably taken from a _____. 解題技巧 1. 通過(guò)文章陳述的事實(shí)進(jìn)行推斷 2. 根據(jù)文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，動(dòng)作和語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行推斷 3. 根據(jù)作者的意圖和態(tài)度進(jìn)行推斷 典題精析 Boredom is oft

14、en linked with loneliness, but a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped her in developing her mind. She told researchers about her childhood. Having few things to do, Syal often talked with her neighbors. She also tried to do things like learning to bake cakes. “But importantly, I Thought a

15、nd wrote a lot, because I was bored,” Syal said. She kept a diary, filling her time with short stories and poems she made up. Grayson Perry, an artist, grew up in a family with little money. He enjoyed himself by making up stories, drawing pictures for his stories and reading many books in the libr

16、ary. Bored but free, he spent hours looking out of the window, watching the changing clouds and seasons. Perry filled up his free time with what he liked. He became creative, because he could think freely. The writer talks about Syal and Perry to . A. stress the great differences between th

17、em B. introduce a popular writer and a famous artist C. suggest good ways of going through boredom D. show effects of boredom on developing creativity 本題可以運(yùn)用到解題技巧2. 根據(jù)文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，動(dòng)作和語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行推斷 題干意為“作者談?wù)揝yal 和Perry的例子的目的是什么？”。兩個(gè)段落很長(zhǎng)，我們首先要精讀段落，抓住兩個(gè)人物的態(tài)度，第一段中關(guān)鍵句為a writer named Meera Syal said bore

18、dom had helped her in developing her mind.意為“Meera Syal說(shuō)無(wú)聊幫助她發(fā)展了她的思想”，第二段關(guān)鍵句為He became creative, because he could think freely.意為“他變得積極，因?yàn)樗軌蜃杂伤伎肌保蛇@兩句關(guān)鍵句可知兩個(gè)人都認(rèn)為“無(wú)聊可以發(fā)展創(chuàng)造力，”，故選D。 題型 題型三：詞義猜測(cè)題 解釋 單詞的猜測(cè)能力是閱讀理解能力的主要組成部分，是考查對(duì)文中關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)的理解。而且，所考察的詞或短語(yǔ)的意義往往不停留在字面上，要根據(jù)文中語(yǔ)境來(lái)判斷。 設(shè)題方式 1. The underlined s

19、entence in the last paragraph means ______. 2. The word“…”most likely means _____. 3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word _____. 解題技巧 1. 通過(guò)因果關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義 2. 通過(guò)同義詞和近、反義詞的關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義 3. 通過(guò)構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義 4. 通過(guò)定義或釋義說(shuō)明來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義 5. 通過(guò)描述猜測(cè)詞義 6. 用知識(shí)和生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)猜測(cè)詞義 7. 根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義 典題精析 Children are ex

20、pected by their parents to be reading a textbook all the time. However, research shows that it may hamper the development of their imagination, while boredom can give them opportunities to develop creativity. What does the word “hamper” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Slow down. B. Keep up with

21、. C. Go beyond. D. Give rise to. 本題可以運(yùn)用到解題技巧2. 通過(guò)同義詞和近、反義詞的關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義 瀏覽本段，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)本段中存在轉(zhuǎn)折連詞while“然而”，while后的句意為“無(wú)聊能給他們發(fā)展創(chuàng)造力的機(jī)會(huì)”，所以while之前的句意應(yīng)該與之相反，進(jìn)一步推測(cè)詞義。A意為“（使）慢下來(lái)”，B意為“跟上”，C意為“超出”，D意為“引起，導(dǎo)致”，故選A。 題型 題型四：主旨大意題 解釋 考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章主題或中心思想的領(lǐng)會(huì)和理解能力。 設(shè)題方式 1. 問(wèn)標(biāo)題：What is the main topic of the passage? / The

22、 best title for the passage is _____. 2. 問(wèn)中心：The first paragraph is mainly about the _____. / The passage is mostly about _____. 3. 問(wèn)目的，態(tài)度：The author wants to tell _____. / The purpose of this article is to _____. 解題技巧 1. 瀏覽文章首尾段和各段開(kāi)頭，抓住主旨段或主旨句 2. 瀏覽全文，抓住關(guān)鍵字眼，把握主旨 3. 以掌握主旨為前提，處理推斷作者語(yǔ)氣及寫(xiě)作意圖 典題

23、精析 In the past, people thought it was strange to use the left hand. Young students looked down upon their left-handed classmates. Some children were even punished for using their left hand to write. But these days parents and teachers have accepted that. In almost every school in the world, left-ha

24、nded students can use their left hand to write. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. Causes of being left handed. B. Encouragement to left-handers C. Punishment for using the left hand. D. Changes in opinions on left-handers. 本題可以運(yùn)用到解題技巧2. 瀏覽全文，抓住關(guān)鍵字眼，把握主旨 本題考察的是第二段段落大意，要首先鎖定第二段的

25、關(guān)鍵詞but，but之前的關(guān)鍵詞in the past和it was strange to use the left hand表明了在過(guò)去人們認(rèn)為使用左手是奇怪的，but之后的關(guān)鍵詞these days和have accepted that表明了現(xiàn)在人們接受了慣用左手的人。所以這段主要是講述了人們關(guān)于慣用左手的人的態(tài)度上的轉(zhuǎn)變?？梢耘卸ù鸢笧镃hanges in opinions on left-handers.，故選D。 語(yǔ)篇精講 瀏覽問(wèn)題 （抓住題干及選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞，以便有目的性的通讀文章） 題號(hào) 題干及選項(xiàng) 1 What does telecommuting m

26、ean?（細(xì)節(jié)理解題） A. Driving to work. B. Working from home. C. Working in an office. D. Working for 8 hours a day. 2 What does the underlined word “morale” probably mean?（詞義猜測(cè)題） A. Health. B. Abilities. C. Spirits. D. Wealth. 3 What's one of the disadvantages of telecommuting?

27、（細(xì)節(jié)理解題） A. It makes a worker unfit and upset. B. It makes a worker uninterested in his job. C. It makes a worker have less chance of promotion. D. It makes a worker have worse control of his time. 4 What can we learn from the passage?（推理判斷題） A. Telework will get improved in the future. B. Te

28、lework has a history of hundreds of years. C. Teleworkers work for more days every year. D. Teleworkers are good at communicating with others. 通篇尋讀 （通讀文章，根據(jù)問(wèn)題中的關(guān)鍵詞標(biāo)記出文章中的重點(diǎn)詞，短語(yǔ)或句子，為逐題分析做準(zhǔn)備） 話題 體裁 字?jǐn)?shù) 建議用時(shí) 實(shí)際用時(shí) 正確率 星級(jí) 日常生活類(lèi) 說(shuō)明文 349 7分鐘 __/4 ★★★ Telecommuting For most people, a

29、 usual workday means waking up, eating breakfast, driving to the office, working for about 8 hours and then driving back home. But not all workers have this experience. Many people work from their homes. This kind of work is called telecommuting or telework. A person who telecommutes is called a tel

30、ecommuter. People have worked in their homes for thousands of years. But the modern idea of telecommuting started in the early 1970s. Improvements in technology, especially networking technology, helped support the development of telework. As communication technology became cheaper and more powerfu

31、l, telecommuting became more of a choice for workers. Both companies and individuals（個(gè)人）can benefit from telework. One benefit for companies is that it can save money. It can also help improve morale. This is because workers who have choices about how they work are often happier. If workers are hap

32、pier, they are likely to do better jobs. This is good for the company. As for individuals, they can save money by cutting down their transportation costs. They also save time because they do not have to go to the office every day. Depending on how often they work from home, telecommuters can save be

33、tween 15 and 25 workdays every year. Even though there are many benefits to telework, there are also some disadvantages. Managers are worried about losing control of the workers. If the worker is not in the office, managers don't know what they are doing. Telework can also be bad for a person's wor

34、king life. Managers are more likely to give a promotion（升職）to workers that they see every day, so telecommuters have less chance of getting promoted than regular workers. As telecommuters often work alone, another bad effect of telecommuting is separation from other people. Telecommuting has a plac

35、e in the society today. Helped by more powerful technologies, teleworkers of the future will be able to communicate in new and improved ways. This will make telework better and make sure that it will have a more important place in the future. 逐題分析 語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇日常生活類(lèi)的說(shuō)明文，主要闡述了Telecommuting這種新型的工作方式，

36、并從這種工作方式的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，缺點(diǎn)及發(fā)展進(jìn)行了說(shuō)明。 1. What does telecommuting mean? A. Driving to work. B. Working from home. C. Working in an office. D. Working for 8 hours a day. 解析：B. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為“telecommuting是什么意思？”，根據(jù)文章第一段關(guān)鍵句“Many people work from their homes. This kind of work is called telecommuting

37、or telework.”，意為“許多人在家工作，這種工作方式被稱(chēng)為telecommuting 或 telework?！保蔬xB. 2. What does the underlined word “morale” probably mean? A. Health. B. Abilities. C. Spirits. D. Wealth. 解析：C. 詞義猜測(cè)題。首先看畫(huà)線詞所在句，它也能幫助提高_(dá)_____.再看后句意為“這是因?yàn)榭梢赃x擇工作方式的員工要更加快樂(lè)”，這句話是對(duì)前一句話的解釋?zhuān)鞓?lè)應(yīng)該是精神或情緒方面的，A項(xiàng)意為“健康”；B項(xiàng)意為“能力”；C項(xiàng)意

38、為“精神”；D項(xiàng)意為“財(cái)富”，故選C。 3. What's one of the disadvantages of telecommuting? A. It makes a worker unfit and upset. B. It makes a worker uninterested in his job. C. It makes a worker have less chance of promotion. D. It makes a worker have worse control of his time. 解析：C. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為“telecommuti

39、ng的缺點(diǎn)之一是什么？”，A項(xiàng)意為“它使工作者不健康和沮喪”，根據(jù)第三段關(guān)鍵句This is because workers who have choices about how they work are often happier.可知選擇這種工作方式的人是更加快樂(lè)的，故排除；B項(xiàng)意為“它使工作者對(duì)工作不感興趣”，根據(jù)第三段關(guān)鍵句If workers are happier, they are likely to do better jobs.可知他們?cè)敢飧玫墓ぷ鳎逝懦?；C項(xiàng)意為“它使工作者有更少的升職機(jī)會(huì)”，根據(jù)第四段關(guān)鍵句so telecommuters have less cha

40、nce of getting promoted than regular workers.可以判定此項(xiàng)正確；D項(xiàng)意為“它使工作者不能很好地控制時(shí)間”，根據(jù)第三段關(guān)鍵句telecommuters can save between 15 and 25 workdays every year.可以判定此項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的，故選C。 4. What can we learn from the passage? A. Telework will get improved in the future. B. Telework has a history of hundreds of years.

41、C. Teleworkers work for more days every year. D. Teleworkers are good at communicating with others. 解析：A 推理判斷題。A項(xiàng)意為“Telework將會(huì)在未來(lái)得到提高，改善”；B項(xiàng)意為“Telework有幾百年的歷史”；C項(xiàng)意為“Teleworkers每年工作更多天”；D項(xiàng)意為“Teleworkers擅長(zhǎng)與人交流”。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句This will make telework better and make sure that it will have a more importan

42、t place in the future.可以判斷A項(xiàng)正確；根據(jù)第二段關(guān)鍵句But the modern idea of telecommuting started in the early 1970s.可以判定B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第三段最后一句telecommuters can save between 15 and 25 workdays every year.可以判定C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第四段最后一句another bad effect of telecommuting is separation from other people.可以判定D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。 精講筆記 （學(xué)生在教師的指導(dǎo)下,

43、 回顧本講中積累的閱讀理解的知識(shí)和方法） 語(yǔ)篇中積累的詞匯（至少積累10個(gè)） 單詞 詞性及詞義 單詞的運(yùn)用（鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生用所學(xué)詞匯造句） 語(yǔ)篇中的學(xué)到的方法（至少掌握2種） 細(xì)節(jié)理解題 1、3 推理判斷題 4 詞義猜測(cè)題 2 主旨大意題 能力提升 基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān) 一、詞匯/短語(yǔ)英漢互譯★ 單詞/短語(yǔ) 詞性 詞義 improvement n. technology n. adv. 尤其地

44、 v. 支持 communication n. adj. 強(qiáng)大的 n. 利益，好處 transportation n. depend on disadvantage n. adj. 有規(guī)律的 二、句子英漢互譯★★ 1. 問(wèn)題是他們是否能夠幫助我們。 _____________________________________________. 2. 如果你想減肥，你必須少吃面包。 ______________________________________________. 3. One benefit for

45、 companies is that it can save money. ______________________________________________. 4. Even though there are many benefits to telework, there are also some disadvantages. ______________________________________________. 5. If the worker is not in the office, managers don't know what they are do

46、ing. ______________________________________________. 閱讀練習(xí) 話題 體裁 字?jǐn)?shù) 建議用時(shí) 實(shí)際用時(shí) 正確率 星級(jí) 社會(huì)現(xiàn)象類(lèi) 議論文 355 7分鐘 __/4 ★★★ Technology has become a necessary and important part of our lives. It has changed our lives greatly. In many ways, it makes life more convenient for us: we can send

47、 messages quickly through the Internet, cook meals in a few minutes in a microwave, and book train tickets online instead of walking to the station. However, in our increasingly technology-driven world, have we become addicted to technology? Not too long ago, many children enjoyed reading a good bo

48、ok in their spare time. Nowadays, teenagers are more likely to be seen playing video games or watching television. Some people even say they can't go without watching their favourite TV programme. Similarly, sending letters has become a thing of the past. It has been replaced by email, immediate me

49、ssaging and other social media (媒體）.I think this is a huge shame; for me, there's nothing better than receiving a letter in the post. It shows someone has taken the time to sit down and write something; this is much more private than a conversation online. And for some people, especially the old, ne

50、w ways of communication aren't so easy to use. I often send letters and postcards to my grandma to tell her about my life in France. The presence of social media has, in some ways, turned us into anti-social beings. Instead of meeting up with friends and seeing them face to face, we now spend a lot

51、 of time communicating online. Although online communication has its advantages — especially，enabling us to keep in touch with loved ones in different countries, we shouldn't forget the value of real-life human interaction. It is, after all, in our nature to socialize with others！ Admittedly (誠(chéng)然),

52、I spend a lot of time using technology. I depend on the Internet and my laptop to plan lessons for my classes. I use wifi on my phone to send messages via apps such as Viber and Snapchal. Even so, when I'm on holiday it is nice to turn it all off and have a break. Taking a break from technology is s

53、etting yourself free. 1. The phrase "addicted to" in Paragraph 1 probably means “_____”. （詞義猜測(cè)題） A. skillful at B. interested in C. dependent on D. disappointed at 2. What does the writer think of sending letters?（推理判斷題） A. It wastes a lot of time and energy. B. It's something out-of-date and

54、shameful. C. It's a better way to communicate with relatives. D. It's a more personal and caring way of communication. 3. From Paragraph 4 we know that the writer thinks _____.（推理判斷題） A. social media makes people separated and lonely B. it's important for people to communicate face to face C.

55、people have better skills in communication because of social media D. online communication has more advantages than real-life communication 4. What's the writer's purpose of writing this passage?（主旨大意題） A. To direct people to spend free time properly. B. To remind people to make reasonable use o

56、f technology. C. To encourage people to take full advantage of social media. D. To advise people to communicate with each other more often. 參考答案 基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān) 一、詞匯/短語(yǔ)英漢互譯 單詞/短語(yǔ) 詞性 詞義 improvement n. 改進(jìn)，改善 technology n. 科技 especially adv. 尤其地 support v. 支持 communication n. 交流 powe

57、rful adj. 強(qiáng)大的 benefit n. 利益，好處 transportation n. 運(yùn)輸 depend on 依賴 disadvantage n. 缺點(diǎn) regular adj. 有規(guī)律的 二、句子英漢互譯。 1. The question is whether they will be able to help us. 2. If you want to lose weight, you must/ should eat less bread. 3. 對(duì)于公司來(lái)說(shuō)一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)是它能節(jié)省錢(qián)。 4. 盡管telework有許多優(yōu)

58、點(diǎn)，但也有一些缺點(diǎn)。 5. 如果員工不在辦公室里，經(jīng)理就不知道他們正在做什么。 閱讀練習(xí) 1. C 2. C 3. D 4. D D篇 名師點(diǎn)撥 知識(shí)篇 高頻詞 單詞/短語(yǔ) 詞性 詞義 拓展 掌握情況 優(yōu) 良 差 stress n. 壓力 hard adj. 困難的，努力的 confidence n. 自信 adj. confident common adj. 普通的，常見(jiàn)的 complaint

59、 n. 抱怨 v. complain fit v. 使…適應(yīng) remind v. 提醒 painful adj. 痛苦的 n. pain encourage v. 鼓勵(lì) upset adj. 沮喪的 push v. 推 opp. pull have fun 玩的高興 長(zhǎng)難句 1. First, tell your child that she'll get through this difficult perio

60、d.（優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：首先，告訴你的孩子她將通過(guò)這段困難的時(shí)期。 本句中包含著一個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句做tell的賓語(yǔ)。 2. It's common for best friends to separate during middle school.（優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________

61、________________________________________ 句意：在中學(xué)時(shí)期和最好的朋友分開(kāi)是常見(jiàn)的。 本句包含初中階段重點(diǎn)句型“It’s + adj. for sb. to do sth.”，意為“對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)做某事是……”，本句型在第一講中已經(jīng)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)，這里要再次復(fù)習(xí)鞏固。 3. To help your child deal with this problem, first encourage her to make it clear to her friend that she wants to keep the friendship going.（優(yōu)*良*差*

62、） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：為了幫助你的孩子處理這個(gè)問(wèn)題，首先鼓勵(lì)他要讓他的朋友知道他想繼續(xù)這段友情。 本句型為不定式做目的狀語(yǔ)，翻譯時(shí)要注意。 方法篇 “方法得當(dāng), 事半功倍。”只有語(yǔ)料的積累, 沒(méi)有好方法的輔助也是不夠的。對(duì)于閱讀理解解題方法的梳理, 能夠幫助我們更好地理解閱讀理解的命題邏輯, 在有足夠語(yǔ)料積累的基礎(chǔ)上, 能夠幫助我們爭(zhēng)取高分。 親愛(ài)的同學(xué), 老師已經(jīng)為你精心整理了閱讀理解的解題

63、技巧, 快來(lái)看看你掌握了多少？ 一、閱讀理解解題步驟 第一步 快速瀏覽全文，了解文章大概。 瀏覽時(shí)要注意以下句子：每段的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾，重要的情節(jié)句子，如果遇到未學(xué)或不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞或不理解的句子，可以根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)，切不可停留而放慢速度。 第二步 瀏覽問(wèn)題，明確要求。 把文章后每個(gè)題目?jī)?nèi)容看明白，這樣又能輔助進(jìn)一步理解文章的主要內(nèi)容，具體做題時(shí)就能對(duì)號(hào)入座，找到文章中確切表達(dá)所要回答問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵句子。 第三步 通篇尋讀，確定段落。 也就是帶著問(wèn)題去讀，找到要回答問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵詞、句或意群，以及任何有關(guān)答題的信息，用鉛筆畫(huà)下來(lái)，以便為下一步答題做好充分準(zhǔn)備。 第四步 逐條分析，對(duì)號(hào)入

64、座。 把需要回答的問(wèn)題和尋讀中找到的信息逐條分析，對(duì)號(hào)入座。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，出題者問(wèn)題設(shè)計(jì)都是按照文章內(nèi)容自上到下順序設(shè)計(jì)的，根據(jù)難度先解決容易的，最后解決深層次的理解題。 第五步 復(fù)讀全文，驗(yàn)證答案。 全部題目做完后，必須再仔細(xì)閱讀一遍全文，進(jìn)一步加深對(duì)文章理解，核實(shí)所選答案是否正確。 二、閱讀理解解題技巧 初中英語(yǔ)選擇型閱讀理解題主要分為四種題型，分別是細(xì)節(jié)理解題，推理判斷題，猜測(cè)詞義題和主旨大意題。接下來(lái)我們將從這四種題型的定義，設(shè)題方式和解題技巧三方面進(jìn)行介紹。 題型 題型一：細(xì)節(jié)理解題 解釋 本類(lèi)試題主要考察學(xué)生對(duì)閱讀材料中的某一特定細(xì)節(jié)或文章的主要事實(shí)的理解能

65、力。問(wèn)題包括詢問(wèn)人（who）、物（what）、時(shí)間（when）、地點(diǎn)（where）、原因（cause）、結(jié)果（effect）、文中的數(shù)據(jù)（data）等。新聞、說(shuō)明文、廣告信息等常常考察這些細(xì)節(jié)。 設(shè)題方式 1. Which of the following statements is true/false? 2. Which of the following is (not) mentioned? 3. According to the passage, when( where, why, how, who, etc)…? 解題技巧 1. 細(xì)心審題，直接就題找答案 2. 變通理解

66、，間接轉(zhuǎn)述找答案 3. 多點(diǎn)歸納，綜合事實(shí)找答案 典題精析 Which hand do you use when write? About 8 to 15 percent of people are left handed. They often have to use tools that are designed for right-handed people. So it is difficult for left-handers to use most tools. If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Don’t be surprised if you feel awkward（別扭的）. If right-handers cut up potatoes with their left hand, they will . A. get hurt B. give