2017年6月英語六級閱讀真題及問題詳解 第1套 選詞填空

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1、word 2017年6月英語六級閱讀真題與答案 第1套 選詞填空 After?being?president?of?Purdue?University?in2013,?Mitch?Daniels?asked?the?faculty?to?prove?that their students have actually achieved one of higher education’s most important goals:?critical?thinking skills. Two years before, a nationwide study of college graduate

2、s had shown that?more?than?a?third had made no 26 gains?in?such?mental?abilities during?their?school?years.?Mr.?Daniels?needed?to__27__?the?high?cost?of?attending?Purdue?to?its?students?and?their?families.?After all, the percentage of Americans who say?a?college?degree?is?"very?important"?has?fallen

3、? 28 in?the last?5-6?years. Purdue?now?has?a?pilot?test?to?assess?students'?critical?thinking?skills.?Yet?like?many?collegeteachers?around?the?U.S.,?the?faculty?remain?__29__?that?their?work?as?educators?can?be measured by "learning? 30 _ "?such?as?a?graduate's?ability?to?investigate and

4、reason. However, the professors need?not?worry?so?much. The results of a recent experiment showed that professors can use __31__?metrics?to?measure?how?well?students?do?in?three?key?areas:?critical?thinking,?written?munication,?and?quantitative?literacy. Despite?the?success?of?the?experiment,?the?a

5、ctual?results?are?worrisome,?and?mostly?__32__?earlier?studies.?The?organizers?of?the?experiment?concluded?that?far?fewer?students?were achieving high levels on critical thinking than they were doing for written munication or quantitative?literacy.?And?that?conclusion is based only on students neari

6、ng graduation. American universities, despite their global33__?for?excellence?in?teaching,?have?only begun?to?demonstrate?what?they?can?produce?in?real-world?learning. Knowledge-based degrees are still important, but employers arestill?important,?but?employers?are?__34__?advanced?thinking?skills?f

7、rom?college graduates. If the intellectual worth of a college degree can be?__35__?measured,?more people?will?seek?higher?education—and?e?out?better?thinkers. A.?accurately B.?confirm C.?demanding D.?doubtful E.?drastically F.?justify G.?monopol

8、ized H.?oute I.?predominance J.?presuming K.?reputation L.?significantM.?signify N.?simultaneously O.?standardized 答案：(26)L. significant (27)F. justify(28)E. drastically(29)D. doubtful(30)H. oute(31)O. standardized(32)B. confirm(33)K.

9、 reputation(34)C. demanding(35)A. accurately 2017年6月英語六級閱讀真題與答案 第1套 仔細(xì)閱讀2篇 Open?data?sharers?are?still?in?the?minority?in?many?fields.?Although?many?researchers?broadly agree?that?public?access?to?raw?data?would?accelerate?science,?most?are?reluctant?to?post?theresults?of?their?own?labors?online.

10、 Some?munities?have?agreed?to?share?online—geneticists,?for?example,?post?DNA?sequencesat?the?GenBank?repository?(庫) ,?and?astronomers?are?accustomed?to?accessing?images?ofgalaxies?and?stars?from,?say,?the?Sloan?Digital?Sky?Survey,?a?telescope?that?has?observed?some500?million?objects—but?these?rema

11、in?the?exception,?not?the?rule.?Historically,?scientists?haveobjected?to?sharing?for?many?reasons:?it?is?a?lot?of?work;?until?recently,?good?databases?did?notexist;?grant?funders?were?not?pushing?for?sharing;?it?has?been?difficult?to?agree?on?standardsfor?formatting?data;?and?there?is?no?agreed?way?

12、to?assign?credit?for?data. But?the?barriers?are?disappearing,?in?part?because?journals?and?funding?agencies?worldwide?areencouraging?scientists?to?make?their?data?public.?Last?year,?the?Royal?Society?in?London?said?inits?report?that?scientists?need?to?"shift?away?from?a?research?culture?where?data?

13、is?viewed?as?aprivate?preserve".?Funding?agencies?note?that?data?paid?for?with?public?money?should?be?publicinformation,?and?the?scientific?munity?is?recognizing?that?data?can?now?be?shared?digitallyin?ways?that?were?not?possible?before.?To?match?the?growing?demand,?services?are?springing?upto?make?

14、it?easier?to?publish?research?products?online?and?enable?other?researchers?to?discoverand?cite?them. Although?calls?to?share?data?often?concentrate?on?the?moral?advantages?of?sharing,?thepractice?is?not?purely?altruistic?(利他的).?Researchers?who?share?get?plenty?of?personal?benefits,?including?more?c

15、onnections?with?colleagues,?improved?visibility?and?increased?citations.?Themost?successful?sharers—those?whose?data?are?downloaded?and?cited?the?most?often---getnoticed,?and?their?work?gets?used.?For?example,?one?of?the?most?popular?data?sets?onmultidisciplinary?repository?Dryad?is?about?wood?densi

16、ty?around?the?world;?it?has?beendownloaded?5,700?times.?Co-author?Amy?Zanne?thinks?that?users?probably?range?from?climate-change?researchers?wanting?to?estimate?how?much?carbon?is?stored?in?biomass,?to?foresterslooking?for?information?on?different?grades?of?timber. "I'd?much?prefer?to?have?my?data?u

17、sed?bythe?maximum?number?of?people?to?ask?their?own?questions,"?she?says. "It's?important?to?allowreaders?and?reviewers?to?see?exactly?how?you?arrive?at?your?results.?Publishing?data?and?codeallows?your?science?to?be?reproducible." Even?people?whose?data?are?less?popular?can?benefit.?By?making?the?

18、effort?to?organize?andlabel?files?so?others?can?understand?them,?scientists?bee?more?organized?and?betterdisciplined?themselves,?thus?avoiding?confusion?later?on. 46.?What?do?many?researchers?generally?accept? A.?It?is?imperative?to?protect?scientists'?patents. B.?Repositories?are?essential?to?sc

19、ientific?research. C.?Open?data?sharing?is?most?important?to?medical?science. D.?Open?data?sharing?is?conducive?to?scientific?advancement. 47.?What?is?the?attitude?of?most?researchers?towards?making?their?own?data?public? A.?Opposed. B.?Ambiguous. C.?Liberal. D.?Neutral. 48.?According?to?the

20、?passage,?what?might?hinder?open?data?sharing? A.?The?fear?of?massive?copying. B.?The?lack?of?a?research?culture. C.?The?belief?that?research?data?is?private?intellectual?property. D.?The?concern?that?certain?agencies?may?make?a?profit?out?of?it. 49.?What?helps?lift?some?of?the?barriers?to?open

21、?data?sharing? A.?The?ever-growing?demand?for?big?data. B.?The?advancement?of?digital?technology. C.?The?changing?attitude?of?journals?and?funders. D.?The?trend?of?social?and?economic?development. 50.?Dryad?serves?as?an?example?to?show?how?open?data?sharing?________. A.?is?being?increasingly?p

22、opular B.?benefits?sharers?and?users?alike C.?makes?researchers?successful D.?saves?both?money?and?labor Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage. Macy's reported its sales plunged 5.2% in November and December at stores open more than a year, a disappointing holiday sea

23、son performance that capped a difficult year for a department store chain facing wide-ranging challenges. Its flagship stores in major U.S. cities depend heavily on international tourist spending, which shrank at many retailers due to a strong dollar. Meanwhile, Macy's has simply struggled to lure c

24、onsumers who are more interested in spending on travel or dining out than on new clothes or accessories. The pany blamed much of the poor performance in November and December on unseasonably warm weather. "About 80% of our pany's year-over-year declines in parable sales can be attributed to shortfa

25、lls (短缺) in cold-weather goods," said chief executive Teny Lundgren in a press release. This prompted the pany to cut its forecasts for the full fourth quarter. However, it's clear that Macy's believes its troubles run deeper than a temporary aberration (偏離) off the thermometer. The retail giant sa

26、id the poor financial performance this year has pushed it to begin implementing $400 million in cost-cutting measures. The pany pledged to cut 600 back-office positions, though some 150 workers in those roles would be reassigned to other jobs. It also plans to offer "voluntary separation" packages t

27、o 165 senior executives. It will slash staffing at its fleet of 770 stores, a move affecting some 3,000 employees. The retailer also announced the locations of 36 stores it will close in early 2016. The pany had previously announced the planned closures, but had not said which locations would be af

28、fected. None of the chain's stores in the Washington metropolitan area are to be closed. Macy's has been moving aggressively to try to remake itself for a new era of shopping. It has plans to open more locations of Macy's Backstage, a newly-developed off-price concept which might help it better pet

29、e with ambitious T. J. Maxx. It's also pushing ahead in 2016 with an expansion of Bluemercury, the beauty chain it bought last year. At a time when young beauty shoppers are often turning to Sephora or Ulta instead of department store beauty counters, Macy's hopes Bluemercury will help strengthen it

30、s position in the category. One relative bright spot for Macy's during the holiday season was the online channel, where it rang up "double-digit" increases in sales and a 25% increase in the number of orders it filled. That relative strength would be consistent with what was seen in the wilder reta

31、il industry during the early part of the holiday season. While Thanksgiving, Black Friday and Cyber Monday all saw record spending online, in-store sales plunged over the holiday weekend. 51. What does the author say about the shrinking spending of international tourists in the U.S.? A. It is attr

32、ibutable to the rising value of the U.S. dollar. B. It is a direct result of the global economic recession. C. It reflects a shift of their interest in consumer goods. D. It poses a potential threat to the retail business in the U.S. 52. What does Macy's believe about its problems? A. They can

33、be solved with better management. B. They cannot be attributed to weather only. C. They are not as serious in its online stores. D. They call for increased investments. 53. In order to cut costs, Macy's decided to ________. A. cut the salary of senior executives B. relocate some of its chain s

34、tores C. adjust its promotion strategies D. reduce the size of its staff 54. Why does Macy's plan to expand Bluemercury in 2016? A. To experiment on its new business concept. B. To focus more on beauty products than clothing. C. To promote sales of its products by lowering prices. D. To be mo

35、re petitive in sales of beauty products. 55. What can we learn about Macy's during the holiday season? A. Sales dropped sharply in its physical stores. B. Its retail sales exceeded those of T. J. Maxx. C. It helped Bluemercury establish its position worldwide. D. It filled its stores with abund

36、ant supply of merchandise. Passage one Passage two 2017年6月英語六級閱讀真題與答案 第2套 選詞填空 Half of your brain stays alert and prepared for danger when you sleep in a new place, a study has revealed. This phenomenon is often __26__ to as the "first-night-effect". Researchers from Brown University found that

37、a network in the left hemisphere of the brain "remained more active" than the network in the right side of the brain. Playing sounds into the right ears (stimulating the left hemisphere) of __27__ was more likely to wake them up than if the noises were played into their left ear. It was __28__ obse

38、rved that the left side of the brain was more active during deep sleep. When the researchers repeated the laboratory experiment on the second and third nights they found the left hemisphere could not be stimulated in the same way during deep sleep. The researchers explained that the study demonstrat

39、ed when we are in a __29__ environment the brain partly remains alert so that humans can defend themselves against any __30__ danger. The researchers believe this is the first time that the "first-night-effect" of different brain states has been __31__ in humans. It isn't, however, the first time i

40、t has ever been seen. Some animal __32__ also display this phenomenon. For example, dolphins, as well as other __33__ animals, shut down one hemisphere of the brain when they go to sleep. A previous study noted that dolphins always __34__ control their breathing. Without keeping the brain active whi

41、le sleeping, they would probably drown. But, as the human study suggest, another reason for dolphins keeping their eyes open during sleep is that they can look out for __35__ while asleep. It also keeps their physiological processes working. A. ClassifiedB. consciouslyC. dramaticallyD. exoticE. ide

42、ntifiedF. inherentG. marineH. novel I. potentialJ. predatorsK. referredL. speciesM. specificallyN. varietiesO. volunteers 答案 (26)K. referred (27)O. volunteers (28)M. specifically (29)H. novel (30)I. potential (31)E. identified (32)L. species (33)G. marine (34)B. consciously (35)J. predato

43、rs 2017年6月英語六級閱讀真題與答案 第2套 仔細(xì)閱讀2篇 Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage. We live today indebted to McCardell, Cashin, Hawes, Wilkins, and Maxwell, and other women who liberated American fashion from the confines of Parisian design. Independence came in tying, wrapping, s

44、toring, harmonizing, and rationalizing that wardrobe. These designers established the modem dress code, letting playsuits and other active wear outfits suffice for casual clothing, allowing pants to enter the wardrobe, and prizing rationalism and versatility in dress, in contradiction to dressing fo

45、r an occasion or allotment of the day. Fashion in America was logical and answerable to the will of the women who wore it. Implicitly or explicitly, American fashion addressed a democracy, whereas traditional Paris-based fashion was prescriptive and imposed on women, willing or not. In an earlier t

46、ime, American fashion had also followed the dictates of Paris, or even copied and pirated specific French designs. Designer sportswear was not modeled on that of Europe, as "modem art" would later be; it was genuinely invented and developed in America. Its designers were not high-end with supplement

47、ary lines. The design objective and the business mitment were to sportswear, and the distinctive traits were problem-solving ingenuity and realistic lifestyle applications. Ease of care was most important: summer dresses and outfits, in particular, were chiefly cotton, readily capable of being washe

48、d and pressed at home. Closings were simple, practical, and accessible, as the modem woman depended on no personal maid to dress her. American designers prized resourcefulness and the freedom of women who wore the clothing. Many have argued that the women designers of this time were able to project

49、 their own clothing values into a new style. Of course, much of this argument in the 1930s-40s was advanced because there was little or no experience in justifying apparel (服裝) on the basis of utility. If Paris was cast aside, the tradition of beauty was also to some degree slighted. Designer sports

50、wear would have to be verified by a standard other than that of pure beauty; the emulation of a designer's life in designer sportswear was a crude version of this relationship. The consumer was ultimately to be mentioned as well, especially by the likes of Dorothy Shaver, who could point to the sale

51、s figures at Lord & Taylor. Could utility alone justify the new ideas of the American designers? Fashion is often regarded as a pursuit of beauty, and some cherished fashion's trivial relationship to the fine arts. What the designers of the American sportswear proved was that fashion is a genuine d

52、esign art, answering to the demanding needs of service. Of course these practical, insightful designers have determined the course of late twentieth-century fashion. They were the pioneers of gender equity, in their useful, adaptable clothing, which was both made for the masses and capable of self-e

53、xpression. 46. What contribution did the women designers make to American fashion? A. They made some improvements on the traditional Parisian design.B. They formulated a dress code with distinctive American features. C. They came up with a brand new set of design procedures.D. They made originali

54、ty a top priority in their fashion design. 47. What do we learn about American designer sportswear? A. It imitated the European model.B. It laid emphasis on women's beauty. C. It represented genuine American art.D. It was a pletely new invention. 48. What characterized American designer sportswe

55、ar? A. Pursuit of beauty.B. Decorative closings.C. Ease of care.D. Fabric quality. 49. What occurred in the design of women's apparel in America during the 1930s-40s? A. A shift of emphasis from beauty to utility.B. The emulation of traditional Parisian design. C. A search for balance between tr

56、adition and novelty.D. The involvement of more women in fashion design. 50. What do we learn about designers of American sportswear? A. They catered to the taste of the younger generation.B. They radically changed people's concept of beauty. C. They advocated equity between men and women.D. They

57、became rivals of their Parisian counterparts. Passage?TwoQuestions?51?to?55?are?based?on?the?followingpassage. Massive?rubbish?dumps?and?sprawling?landfillsconstitute?one?of?the?more?unfortable?impactsthat?humans?have?on?wildlife.?They?have?led?some?birds?to?give?up?on?migration.?Instead?offlying?

58、thousands?of?miles?in?search?of?food,?they?make?the?waste?sites?their?winter?feedinggrounds. Researchers?in?Germany?used?miniature?GPS?tags?to?track?the?migrations?of?70?white?storks(鸛)?from?different?sites?across?Europe?and?Asia?during?the?first?five?months?of?their?lives.?Whilemany?birds?travelle

59、d?along?well-known?routes?to?warmer?climates,?others?stopped?short?andspent?the?winter?on?landfills,?feeding?on?food?waste,?and?the?multitudes?of?insects?that?thriveon?the?dumps. In?the?short-term,?the?birds?seem?to?benefit?from?overwintering?(過冬)?on?rubbish?dumps.?Andrea?Flack?of?the?Max?Planck?In

60、stitute?found?that?birds?following?traditional?migrationroutes?were?more?likely?to?die?than?German?storks?that?flew?only?as?far?as?northern?Morocco,?and?spent?the?winter?there?on?rubbish?dumps. "For?the?birds?it's?a?very?convenient?way?to?getfood.?There?are?huge?clusters?of?organic?waste?they?can?fe

61、ed?on,"?said?Flack.?The?meals?arenot?particularly?appetising,?or?even?safe.?Much?of?the?waste?is?discarded?rotten?meat,?mixed?inwith?other?human?debris?such?as?plastic?bags?and?old?toys. "It's?very?risky.?The?birds?can?easily?eat?pieces?of?plastic?or?rubber?bands?and?they?can?die,"?said?Flack. "And

62、?we?don't?know?about?the?long-term?consequences.?They?might?eat?somethingtoxic?and?damage?their?health.?We?cannot?estimate?that?yet." The?scientists?tracked?white?storks?from?different?colonies?in?Europe?and?Africa.?The?Russian,?Greek?and?Polish?storks?flew?as?far?as?South?Africa,?while?those?from?

63、Spain,?Tunisia?andGermany?flew?only?as?far?as?the?Sahel. Landfill?sites?on?the?Iberian?peninsula?have?long?attracted?local?white?storks,?but?all?of?theSpanish?birds?tagged?in?the?study?flew?across?the?Sahara?desert?to?the?western?Sahel.?Writing?inthe?journal,?the?scientists?describe?how?the?storks?

64、from?Germany?were?clearly?affected?by?thepresence?of?waste?sites,?with?four?out?of?six?birds?that?survived?for?at?least?five?monthsoverwintering?on?rubbish?dumps?in?northern?Morocco,?instead?of?migrating?to?the?Sahel. Flack?said?it?was?too?early?to?know?whether?the?benefits?of?plentiful?food?outwei

65、ghed?the?risksof?feeding?on?landfills.?But?that's?not?the?only?uncertainty.?Migrating?birds?affect?ecosystemsboth?at?home?and?at?their?winter?destinations,?and?disrupting?the?traditional?routes?could?haveunexpected?side?effects.?White?storks?feed?on?locusts?(蝗蟲)?and?other?insects?that?can?beepests?i

66、f?their?numbers?get?out?of?hand. "They?provide?a?useful?service,"?said?Flack. 51.?What?is?the?impact?of?rubbish?dumps?on?wildlife? A.?They?have?forced?white?storks?to?search?for?safer?winter?shelters.B.?They?have?seriously?polluted?the?places?where?birds?spend?winter. C.?They?have?accelerated?the?reproduction?of?some?harmful?insects.D.?They?have?changed?the?previous?migration?habits?of?certain?birds. 52.?What?do?we?learn?about?birds?following?the?traditional?migration?routes? A.?They?can?mu