2019-2020年高中數(shù)學(xué)課時(shí)跟蹤檢測十二待定系數(shù)法新人教B版必修.doc
2019-2020年高中數(shù)學(xué)課時(shí)跟蹤檢測十二待定系數(shù)法新人教B版必修1若函數(shù)ykxb的圖象經(jīng)過點(diǎn)P(3,2)和Q(1,2),則這個(gè)函數(shù)的解析式為()Ayx1Byx1Cyx1 Dyx1解析:選D把點(diǎn)P(3,2)和Q(1,2)的坐標(biāo)分別代入ykxb,得即yx1.2已知二次函數(shù)yx2bxc的圖象經(jīng)過(1,0),(2,5)兩點(diǎn),則二次函數(shù)的解析式為()Ayx22x3Byx22x3Cyx22x3 Dyx22x6解析:選A將點(diǎn)(1,0),(2,5)代入yx2bxc,可得解得b2,c3.3已知函數(shù)f(x)x2pxq,滿足f(1)f(2)0,則f(1)的值是()A5 B5C6 D6解析:選Cp3,q2.f(x)x23x2,f(1)(1)23(1)26.4若一次函數(shù)的圖象經(jīng)過點(diǎn)A(1,6)和B(2,8),則該函數(shù)的圖象還可能經(jīng)過的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)為()A. B.C(1,3) D(2,1)解析:選A設(shè)一次函數(shù)的解析式為ykxb(k0),由該函數(shù)的圖象經(jīng)過點(diǎn)A(1,6)和B(2,8),得解得所以此函數(shù)的解析式為y2x4,只有A選項(xiàng)的坐標(biāo)符合此函數(shù)的解析式故選A.5已知2x2x3(x1)(axb),則a,b的值分別為()A2,3 B3,2C2,3 D3,2解析:選A(x1)(axb)ax2(ba)xb,因?yàn)?x1)(axb)2x2x3,所以解得6反比例函數(shù)y的圖象和一次函數(shù)ykx7的圖象都經(jīng)過點(diǎn)P(m,2),則一次函數(shù)的解析式為_解析:因?yàn)辄c(diǎn)P(m,2)在函數(shù)y的圖象上,所以2,m6,P點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)為(6,2)因?yàn)橐淮魏瘮?shù)ykx7的圖象經(jīng)過點(diǎn)P(6,2),所以6k72,k.故所求的一次函數(shù)解析式是yx7.答案:yx77如圖是二次函數(shù)yf(x)的圖象,若x2,1,則函數(shù)f(x)的值域?yàn)開解析:依題意設(shè)函數(shù)f(x)a(x3)(x1),又函數(shù)f(x)的圖象過點(diǎn)(0,3),代入得a1,f(x)x22x3.結(jié)合題中圖形易知函數(shù)f(x)在2,1上的最大值為f(1)4.又f(2)3,f(1)0,函數(shù)f(x)在2,1上的最小值為0,當(dāng)x2,1時(shí),函數(shù)的值域?yàn)?,4答案:0,48已知二次函數(shù)f(x)ax2bxc(a0)的圖象經(jīng)過點(diǎn)A(0,a),B(1,4)且對(duì)稱軸為x1,則二次函數(shù)的解析式為_解析:由題意得解得f(x)x22x1.答案:f(x)x22x19已知二次函數(shù)f(x)的圖象經(jīng)過點(diǎn)(4,3),它在x軸上截得的線段長為2,并且對(duì)任意xR,都有f(2x)f(2x),求f(x)的解析式解:f(2x)f(2x)對(duì)xR恒成立,f(x)的對(duì)稱軸為x2.又f(x)圖像被x軸截得的線段長為2,f(x)0的兩根為1和3.設(shè)f(x)的解析式為f(x)a(x1)(x3)(a0)又f(x)的圖象過點(diǎn)(4,3),3a3,a1.所求f(x)的解析式為f(x)(x1)(x3),即f(x)x24x3.10已知yf(x)的圖象如圖所示(1)求f(x)的解析式;(2)求函數(shù)的值域解:(1)由圖象可知:當(dāng)0x2時(shí),f(x)是一次函數(shù)設(shè)f(x)kxb(k0),則即故f(x)2x2.當(dāng)2<x<3時(shí),f(x)2.當(dāng)3x5時(shí),f(x)是一次函數(shù)設(shè)f(x)mxn(m0),則解得此時(shí)f(x)x5.綜上可知,f(x)的解析式為f(x)(2)由圖可知該函數(shù)的值域?yàn)?,2層級(jí)二應(yīng)試能力達(dá)標(biāo)1已知f(x)axb(a0)且af(x)b9x8,則()Af(x)3x2Bf(x)3x4Cf(x)3x4Df(x)3x2或f(x)3x4解析:選Df(x)axb,af(x)ba(axb)b9x8,a2xabb9x8,所以或f(x)3x2或f(x)3x4.2已知f(x)x21,g(x)是一次函數(shù)且是增函數(shù),若f(g(x)9x26x2,則g(x)的解析式為()Ag(x)3x2Bg(x)3x1Cg(x)3x2 Dg(x)3x1解析:選B設(shè)g(x)kxb(k0),則f(g(x)(kxb)219x26x2k2x22kbxb219x26x2,k29,解得k3或k3(舍去),且2kb6,b1,g(x)3x1.3二次函數(shù)yax2bx2(a0)與x軸的交點(diǎn)為,則ab的值是()A10 B10C14 D14解析:選D由題意得解得ab14.4已知某二次函數(shù)的圖象與函數(shù)y2x2的圖象形狀一樣,開口方向相反,且其頂點(diǎn)為(1,3),則此函數(shù)的解析式為()Ay2(x1)23 By2(x1)23Cy2(x1)23 Dy2(x1)23解析:選D設(shè)所求函數(shù)的解析式為ya(xh)2k (a0),由題意可知a2,h1,k3,故y2(x1)23.5已知函數(shù)f(x)x22xa,f(bx)9x26x2,其中xR,a,b為常數(shù),則a,b的值分別為_解析:f(x)x22xa,f(bx)(bx)22(bx)ab2x22bxa.又f(bx)9x26x2,b2x22bxa9x26x2,答案:2,36如圖,拋物線yx22(m1)xm3與x軸交于A,B兩點(diǎn),且OA3OB,則m的值為_解析:設(shè)A(x1,0),B(x2,0),則x13x2.由得3m25m0,即m0或m.由圖象知,對(duì)稱軸xm10,即m1,因此m不合題意,故m0.答案:07已知函數(shù)f(x)(a,b為常數(shù),且a0)滿足f(2)1,且f(x)x有唯一解,求函數(shù)yf(x)的解析式和f(f(3)的值解:因?yàn)閒(2)1,所以1,即2ab2,又因?yàn)閒(x)x有唯一解,即x有唯一解,所以ax2(b1)x0有兩個(gè)相等的實(shí)數(shù)根,所以(b1)20,即b1.代入得a.所以f(x).所以f(f(3)ff(6).重點(diǎn)選做8已知二次函數(shù)f(x)滿足f(x1)f(x1)2x24x.(1)求f(x)的解析式;(2)求當(dāng)xa,a2時(shí),f(x)的最大值解:(1)設(shè)f(x)ax2bxc (a0),則f(x1)f(x1)a(x1)2b(x1)ca(x1)2b(x1)c2ax22bx2a2c2x24x.由于上式對(duì)一切xR都成立,2a2,2b4,2a2c0,a1,b2,c1,f(x)x22x1.(2)由(1)可知,f(x)(x1)22.當(dāng)a21,即a1時(shí),f(x)在a,a2上單調(diào)遞增,f(x)maxf(a2)a22a1;當(dāng)1a1時(shí),a1a2,f(x)maxf(1)2;當(dāng)a1時(shí),f(x)在a,a2上單調(diào)遞減,f(x)maxf(a)a22a1.f(x)max