牛津譯林版英語八年級(jí)上冊(cè)《比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)》語法專講.

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1、比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)語法專講 形容詞分為三種等級(jí) : 原級(jí) , 比較級(jí)與最高級(jí) 。 一、形容詞的原級(jí)及用法 ◆形容詞的原級(jí) ( 形容詞本來面目不作變化 ) 1.表示沒有進(jìn)行比較或進(jìn)行同級(jí)比較 2.可以修飾原級(jí)的詞 : very quite enough( “足夠 ”, 用在形容詞后 ) so pretty too how rather ( 相當(dāng) ) (not) as as ( “( 不 ) 像 一樣 ”,同級(jí)比較 ) not so as ( “不像 一 樣”, 同級(jí)比較 ) e.g. How happy

2、 we are! 我們多么高興?。? This ruler is as long as that one. 這把尺子和那把 一樣長。 ( 變否定句 ) This ruler is not as/so long as that one. 二、形容詞比較級(jí)最高級(jí)變化規(guī)則 ①單音節(jié)詞比較級(jí)在詞尾加 er,最高級(jí)加 est cold — colder — coldest tall — taller —tallest high —higher —highest long —longer — longest ②以字母 e 結(jié)尾的詞只

3、加 r 或 st nice — nicer —nicest late —later — latest fine — finer — finest ③重讀閉音節(jié)雙寫輔音字母再加 er 或 est big —bigger — biggest hot —hotter —hottest wet — wetter —wettest thin —thinner — thinnest red—redder — reddest fat — fatter —fattest sad — sadder — saddest ④以輔音字母

4、 +y 結(jié)尾的詞把 y 變 i 再加 er 或 est easy — easier — easiest early — earlier — earliest funny — funnier — funniest happy — happier — happiest heavy— heavier — heaviest dirty — dirtier — dirtiest  ⑤多音節(jié)詞、部分雙音節(jié)詞 (特別是 ful 結(jié)尾及 v.+ed/ing 構(gòu) 成的形容詞 )及個(gè)別單音節(jié)詞 (fun)在前面加 more 或 most interes

5、ting important difficult excitied tired careful popular expensive boring fun ⑥不規(guī)則變化 little — less — least good / well — better — best bad / ill / badly —— worse —— worst many / much —— more —— most old —— older —— oldest (年齡大的 ,與 than 連用 ) old — elder — eldest( 年“長

6、的 ”,只作定語不與 than 連用 ) far —— farther —— farthest (距離遠(yuǎn) ) far —— further —— furthest (除距離外 ,還指程度 上更進(jìn)一步的 ) ◆副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化規(guī)則大致與此相同 三、比較級(jí)用法 1.表示兩者之間進(jìn)行比較 ,“更 ” 2.可以修飾比較級(jí)的詞 : much = a lot ( 得多 ) a little = a bit ( 一點(diǎn)點(diǎn) ) even (甚至 ) far ( 遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn) ) any (絲毫 ,稍微 , 用于否

7、定和疑問句中 ) 3.比較級(jí)標(biāo)志 : than or 4.形容詞比較級(jí)句式 : ① A + be + 形容詞的比較級(jí) + than + B. (A 比 B ) ② Which/Who +be + 形容詞比較級(jí) , A or B? (哪個(gè) /誰更 , A 還是 B？) 練習(xí)寫出下列句子 凱特很瘦。 凱特和瑪麗誰更瘦？ 瑪麗比凱特更瘦。 瑪麗比凱特更瘦嗎？是的 ,她是。 這個(gè)書包和這個(gè)箱子不一樣沉。 這個(gè)書包和這個(gè)箱子哪個(gè)更沉？ 這個(gè)箱子比書包更沉。 5.

8、副詞比較級(jí)句式 :① A＋實(shí)義動(dòng)詞＋副詞的比較級(jí)＋ than B. (A 得比 B ) ②Which/Who + 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞三單 , A or B? (哪個(gè) /誰 得 更 ,A 還是 B？) 練習(xí)寫出下列句子 自行車和轎車哪個(gè)走得快？ 轎車比自行車走得快。 這只羊和這只狗跑得不一樣快。 這只羊比狗跑得快嗎？ 吉姆比湯姆上床睡覺早。 (上句同義句 ) ___________________________________________ 6.比較級(jí)特殊用法 : ①

9、the +比較級(jí) +of the two —— “兩者中較 的 ” 他是兩個(gè)男孩中較高的。 He’ sthe taller of the two boys. ②“比較級(jí) +and+比較級(jí) ”或 “more and more +多音節(jié)詞 ” —— “越來越 ” 他越來越高。 He’ staller and taller. 英語越來越重要 English is more and more important. ③The+ 比較級(jí) , the+比較級(jí) —— “越 , 越 ” 你越快樂就越美麗。 The happier you

10、are, the more beautiful you are. ④not + 比較級(jí) +than —— “不如 , 不比 ” no +比較級(jí) +than —— “一樣都不 ” You are not taller than me. 你不比我高。 You are no taller than me. 你和我一樣都不高。 ⑤比較級(jí) +than any other +sig.+in+ 同一范圍  比較級(jí) +than any +sig.+in+ 非同一范圍 ——“比非同一范圍中任何一個(gè)更 ” She’

11、s nicer thanany other girl in her class.她比班里其他 任何一個(gè)女孩都漂亮。 (主語本身就在比較范圍之中 , 因此是在同一范圍就主語與 其他任何一個(gè)比較 ) She’ s nicer than any girl in her sister . ’ s class 她比她妹妹班里任何一個(gè)女孩都漂亮。 (主語不在該較范圍之中 ,因此主語可以與該范圍內(nèi)任何 一個(gè)作比較 ) ◆該用法雖然出現(xiàn)了 in 所引導(dǎo)的比較范圍但是仍要用比較 級(jí) ,此成為用比較級(jí)表示最高級(jí) ,實(shí)質(zhì)是最高級(jí)。

12、 四、最高級(jí)用法 1.表示三者或三者以上的比較 ,“最 ” 2.形容詞最高級(jí)前必須加 the,副詞前的 the 可以省略 。 3.最高級(jí)標(biāo)志 :in of or 4.句式 :① the + 最高級(jí) +(n.) + in + 比較范圍 我是我們班最聰明的。 I ’ mthe cleverest in our class. ② the + 最高級(jí) +(n.) + of + 同類事物 這本書是所有書中最有趣的。 The book is the most interesting of all the books.

13、 ③ Which/Who +v.( 單數(shù) ) +最高級(jí) , A, B or C? Jay, Will 和 JJ 誰最收歡迎？ Who is the most popular, Jay, Will or JJ? 五、例題解析與難點(diǎn)攻克 ◆主語為人時(shí) than 后面的比較對(duì)象若用代詞用主格還是賓 格？ 請(qǐng)判斷正誤 : 1. She looks nicer than I do. ( ) —— “比同一范圍中其他任何一個(gè)更 ” She looks nicer than I. ( ) She looks ni

14、cer than me. ( ) Notes:than 可以作連詞其后跟省略句 ,該省略句構(gòu)成為 (主格 +助動(dòng)詞 /be/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 ),而謂語部分可省略 ; than 還可以作介 詞在口語中跟人稱代詞賓格 ◆主語為物時(shí)的比較對(duì)象的一致性問題 2.Her hair is longer than her mother. ( ) Her hair is longer than her mother ’ s(. ) 3.My bag is bigger than you. ( ) My bag is bigger than your.

15、( ) My bag is bigger than your bag. ( ) My bag is bigger than yours. ( ) Notes:比較對(duì)象應(yīng)與主語對(duì)等 ,當(dāng)主語為限定詞 +n.時(shí),than 后的其比較對(duì)象可為 : ①限定詞 +n. ②名詞所有格 (一般省略其后相同的名詞 ) ③名詞性物主代詞 (=形容詞性物主代詞 +n.) mine yours his hers its ours theirs 4.The weather of Beijing is colder than Shangh

16、ai. ( ) The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai. ( ) Notes:當(dāng)主語有后置定語修飾時(shí) ,為保證比較對(duì)象一致 ,常用 that/thoes 指代比較對(duì)象。 ◆比較范圍 5.The Changjing River is the longest ____ China. The Changjing River is the longest ____all the rivers in China. Notes:在最高級(jí)中

17、 ,in 后跟比較范圍 ,of 后跟進(jìn)行比較的同類 事物。 6.China is larger than any country in Asia. ( ) China is larger than any other country in Asia( ) ◆同義句轉(zhuǎn)換問題 7.He is taller than anyone else in the class. = He is taller ____ ____ _____ student in the class. = He is taller _____ _____ __

18、____ students in the class. = He is the ____ ____ student in the class. Notes:同一范圍內(nèi)比較 比較級(jí) +than any other +sig.+in = 比較級(jí) +than anyone else +in =比較級(jí) +than the other +pl.+in (只有同一范圍比較 才能出現(xiàn) other/else) 非同一范圍內(nèi)比較 比較級(jí) +than any+sig.+in 8. This coat is more expensiv

19、er than that one. = That coat is ________ than this one. = That coat isn ’ t _____ big _____ this one. Notes: A+v.+ 比較級(jí) +than+B (A 比 B 更 ) = B+v.+ 比較級(jí)反義詞 +than+A (B 比 A 更 ) = B+v.+not as(so) as (B 與 A 不一樣 ) ◆ “l(fā)ess+多音節(jié)詞原級(jí) +than ” “不如 ” — 降級(jí)比較 = That coat is less

20、 expensive than this one. Self Check 1.I feel tired, so I want to go to bed ____ tonight. A.early B.earlier C.late D.later 2.The food of our country is ___ than that of western countries. A.rather good than B.much better than C.more better than D.so goos as 3.The ice i

21、n the lake is as ____ as it was before. A.thin B.thinner C.thinnest Dthe thinnest 4.Who is _____ running star in your school? A.famous B.more famous C.the most famous D.less famous 5.—Which season do you like _____? — Summer. A.good B.well C.the better D.best 6.

22、Lucy ’ s pen is ___ nicer than yours. A.too B.more C.quite D.a little 7.—Is your brother as outgoing as you? — No, he ’ s a quiet boy. He is ________. A.less outgoing than me B.not so calm as I C.more outgoing than me D.as outgoing as I 8.—How are you today? —Much ____.

23、 A.good B.well C.better D.the best 9.Tom’ s card is newer than ____. A.our B.her C.my D.his 10.___ is more beautiful than roses. A. No other flower B. No another flower C. Not other flower D. Not all flowers 11.Mary studies harder ______ in her class. A. as an

24、y one B. than any other girl C. than the other D. than anyone 1.He is 3 times as _____(old) as me. 2.I ’ m too tired to go any _________.(far) 3.Who is _____, Lily or Lucy? 4.Tom is the _______(heavy) of the three. 5.Tom is the _______ of the two boys. 6.Russia is

25、_______(large) than any other country in the world. 7.His computer is the _______________(expensive) of all. 8.You are pretty ___________(beautiful). 9.The book is ____________(useful) than that one. 10.Who’ s the _________(healthy) , you, he or she? 11.How ______(small) t

26、he shirt is! I want a ________ (big) one. 12.You have _______(short) and ______(curly) hair than Susan. 13.Is this street a lot ______(noisy) than that one? 14.I feel much _____________(excited) now. 15.Soccer is becoming _____ and ______ _________(popalar) in Chin

27、a. 16.My sister doesn ’ t write as _____(good) as I do. 17.The ______(much) you practice, the ______ (good) your English will be. 18.No other animal is _______(scary) than a snake. 19.Math is less ________(difficult) than English. 20.What a _______(funny) boy! 21.Y

28、ou ’ re _______(bad) at sports than me. 22.It ’ s the third _______ (long) river in China. 1.I have a big bag. He has a small bag. (合并 ) My bag is _____ than ______. 2.You are funny. He ’ s funny, 合too并. () You are ______ funny _____ him. 3.Tom is thinner than Sam. (同義句 ) =Sam is ______ than Tom. =Sam isn ’ t as ______ as Tom. 4.He and I are the same. We are quite boys. ( 合并 ) He is _____ quite _____ I. 5.They ’ retall. You ’ re tall. too.But I ’ m taller than anyone else. (合并 )