新高考英語(yǔ)二輪對(duì)點(diǎn)集訓(xùn)：第二板塊 專題一 第二部分 第4講 詞義猜測(cè)題 Word版含解析

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1、 第二板塊 第二部分 第4講 [小題夯基練] 1．(2020·濰坊調(diào)研)“I know that，Kim.And please，call me Bill.But what I expect is for you to think independently and introduce new ideas.I need more input from you—more feedback on how things are going.I don't need a ‘yes man’．You never tell me what you think.You just smile a

2、s though everything is fine.” “But，”said Kim，“I feel that since you are my superior，it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do.” Q：The word“presumptuous”in the passage is close in meaning to “________”． A．full of respect B．too confident and rude C．lacking in experience D．too shy an

3、d quiet 解析：B　[本題考查對(duì)生詞presumptuous意思的猜測(cè)。根據(jù)生活常識(shí)可知，對(duì)于長(zhǎng)輩和上司，隨意稱呼他們的名字和直接提意見(jiàn)是傲慢無(wú)禮的。故選B項(xiàng)。] 2．(2019·衡水高考預(yù)測(cè))Helen's attitude toward dealing with criminals has changed over the years.She used to believe that everyone could change and deserved a second chance.She now believes that some crimes are so heinous

4、 that those responsible should be shown no mercy. Q：What does the underlined word“heinous”mean? A．Guilty. B．Terrible. C．Accidental. D．Unimportant. 解析：B　[這個(gè)句子使用了so...that...句式，表示“如此……以至于……”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和結(jié)果“有罪的人不應(yīng)該被給予同情”可以推知，不同情他們的原因是他們的罪行太深，故heinous的意思應(yīng)該是“極惡毒的，道德敗壞的”。故選B項(xiàng)。] 3．(2018·北京卷D篇)A study from

5、the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric，self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure (基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施) and operations 40% by 2050.Fewer emissions

6、 and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing.The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(責(zé)任與維護(hù)問(wèn)題)．.. Q：What does the underlined word “fielded” in

7、 Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Employed. B．Replaced. C．Shared. D．Reduced. 解析：A　[fielded常用作名詞，表示“地；場(chǎng)地；領(lǐng)域”，此處用作動(dòng)詞，引申為“使用，應(yīng)用”之意。根據(jù)上下文可知，此處表示“考慮到無(wú)人駕駛技術(shù)的成本和責(zé)任與維護(hù)問(wèn)題，叫車服務(wù)(公司)將運(yùn)用第一批可使用的商業(yè)無(wú)人駕駛汽車”。故選A項(xiàng)。] 4．(2019·山東省聯(lián)考)We shared the belief that if you're fortunate enough to have success，you should put som

8、ething back—he with his Newman's Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill，and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival.Paul and I didn't see each other all that regularly，but sharing that brought us together.We supported each other financially and by showing

9、up at events. … Q：What does the underlined word“that”in this passage refer to? A．Their belief. B．Their care for children. C．Their success. D．Their support for each other. 解析：A　[本題考查代詞的指代含義，屬于廣義的詞義猜測(cè)題。代詞指代的大都是前面已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)的名詞，為了避免重復(fù)而使用了代詞。根據(jù)上文的內(nèi)容可知，讓作者和朋友走到一起的是兩個(gè)人共同的信念。故選A項(xiàng)。] [大題提能練] A (2020·黑龍江齊齊

10、哈爾一模)83-year-old Antonio Vicente has spent the last four decades of his life fighting against the trend.As Brazilian landowners cut down rainforests to make room for profitable plantations(種植園)and cattle grounds，he struggled to bring the jungles of his childhood back to life. “When I was a child，th

11、e peasants cut down the trees to make grasslands and charcoal and the water dried up and did not come back，”he told the reporters.“I thought：‘Water is valuable，no one makes water and the population will not stop growing.What is going to happen？We are going to run out of water.’” With only some donk

12、eys and a small team of hired workers，Antonio Vicente set about bringing back the forest to his land.What started out as a weekend hobby soon became a permanent way of life，and Antonio recalls often spending whole days and nights in his young jungle，surrounded by rats and foxes，and eating banana san

13、dwiches for breakfast，lunch and dinner.Over the last 40 years，he has planted an estimated 50,000 trees on his 31-hectare land，which now make up a small but unique area of rainforest，and a haven for wildlife. As the forest grew，the water returned，and Antonio says that there are now over 20 water sou

14、rces on his land that were no longer there when he bought it.Then the animals started making a home there.Today，the forest is alive with the sounds of birds and insects living there，and more species are settling in every year. “There are toucans(巨嘴鳥(niǎo))，all kinds of birds，squirrels，lizards，and even th

15、e boars are returning，”83-year-old Vicente says.“If you ask me who my family are, I would say all is right here，each one of these that I planted from a seed.” [語(yǔ)篇解讀]　本文主要講述一位83歲的老人用40年時(shí)間讓熱帶雨林恢復(fù)生機(jī)的故事。 1．What do we learn about the Brazilian peasants? A．They wasted much water on farming. B．They foc

16、used on short-term profits. C．They cared much about the environment. D．They relied heavily on rainforests for a living. 解析：B　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“As Brazilian landowners cut down rainforests to make room for profitable plantations...”及第二段中的“the water dried up and did not come back”可知，巴西的農(nóng)民關(guān)注的是短期的利益。故選B

17、。] 2．What used to be young Antonio's biggest concern? A．Overpopulation. B．Polluted water. C．Loss of grasslands. D．Water shortage. 解析：D　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Water is valuable，no one makes water and the population will not stop growing.What is going to happen？We are going to run out of water.”可知，年輕的An

18、tonio最關(guān)心的是水的短缺。故選D。] 3．What does the underlined word“haven”in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Trap. B．Disaster. C．Shelter. D．Balance. 解析：C　[詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段中的“insects living there，and more species are settling in every year”可知，昆蟲(chóng)生活在這里，每年更多的物種在這里定居，由此可推斷出這里成了野生生物的“安居地，避難所”。故選C。] 4．In the last paragrap

19、h，Antonio mainly expresses his ________. A．a(chǎn)ffection for his forest B．thanks for his family C．deep love for rare birds D．pride as a successful farmer 解析：A　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“If you ask me who my family are，I would say all is right here，each one of these that I planted from a seed.”可推知，Antonio 主要在表

20、達(dá)他對(duì)森林的愛(ài)。故選A。] B (2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ，D)Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects.Why do we often assume that more_is_more when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less. I found the pre-holid

21、ays a good time to encourage young children to donate less-used things，and it worked.Because of our efforts，our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness.She chose to sell a few larger objects that were le

22、ss often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund(基金)(our kindergarten daughter is serious about becoming a doctor)． For weeks，I've been thinking of bigger，deeper questions：How do we make it a habit for them？And how do we train ourselves to help them live with，need，and use less？Y

23、esterday，I sat with my son，Shepherd，determined to test my own theory on this.I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest.I expected that one toy would keep his attention for about five minutes，ten minutes，max.I chose a red rubber ball—simple，universally ava

24、ilable.We passed it，he tried to put it in his mouth，he tried bouncing it，rolling it，sitting on it，throwing it.It was totally，completely enough for him.Before I knew it an hour had passed and it was time to move on to lunch. We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together.He had my ful

25、l attention and I had his.My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us. [語(yǔ)篇解讀]　 本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，題材是生活哲理。文章介紹了作者如何教育自己的孩子用更少的物質(zhì)過(guò)更豐富的生活。 5．What do the words“more is more”in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．The more，the better. B．Enough is enough. C．More money，more worries. D．

26、Earn more and spend more. 解析：A　[詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段第三句“The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.”可知，作者不認(rèn)同前面的more is more這種觀點(diǎn)；再根據(jù)第一句可知，成人能夠理解物質(zhì)過(guò)剩的感受，可是當(dāng)涉及孩子時(shí)，我們卻會(huì)認(rèn)為(孩子)擁有的東西越多越好。more is more是相對(duì)于enough is enough而言的。故選A。] 6．What made Georgia agree to se

27、ll some of her objects? A．Saving up for her holiday. B．Raising money for a poor girl. C．Adding the money to her fund. D．Giving the money to a sick mother. 解析：C　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第三句可知，當(dāng)我們?cè)S諾把賣掉這些物品的錢放到她的教育基金里的時(shí)候，她才同意賣。故選C。] 7．Why did the author play the ball with Shepherd? A．To try out an idea. B

28、．To show a parent's love. C．To train his attention. D．To help him start a hobby. 解析：A　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第三句中的“determined to test my own theory on this”和第四句中的“I decided to play with him”可知，作者和兒子玩耍是為了測(cè)試自己的理論：live more with less。故選A。] 8．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Take It or Leave It

29、B．A Lesson from Kids C．Live More with Less D．The Pleasure of Giving 解析：C　[標(biāo)題歸納題。第一段的最后一句是文章中心句，即作者想要教會(huì)孩子“how to live more with less”；接下來(lái)是作者為此所做的努力和嘗試。文章最后一句也是對(duì)中心句的回應(yīng)。故選C。] C (2017·浙江，A)Benjamin West，the father of American painting，showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age.But

30、 he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one.In those days，a brush was made from camel's hair.There were no camels nearby.Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead.He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush. The brush did not last long.Soon Benjamin needed

31、 more fur.Before long，the cat began to look ragged (蓬亂)．His father said that the cat must be sick.Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing. The_cat's_lot_was_about_to_improve. That year，one of Benjamin's cousins，Mr.Pennington，came to visit.He was impressed with Benjamin's drawings.When

32、he went home，he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes.He also sent six engravings (版畫)by an artist.These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen. In 1747，when Benjamin was nine years old，Mr.Pennington returned for another visit.He was amazed at wha

33、t Benjamin had done with his gift.He asked Benjamin's parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit. In the city，Mr.Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings.The boy began a landscape (風(fēng)景) painting.William Williams，a well-known painter，came to see him work

34、.Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home.The books were long and dull.Benjamin could read only a little，having been a poor student.But he later said，“Those two books were my companions by day，and under my pillow at night.”While it is likely that h

35、e understood very little of the books，they were his introduction to classical paintings.The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist. [語(yǔ)篇解讀]　本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了美國(guó)著名藝術(shù)家本杰明·韋斯特是如何開(kāi)始他的藝術(shù)生涯的。 9．What is the text mainly about? A．Benjamin's visit to Philadelphia. B．Williams' influence on Be

36、njamin. C．The beginning of Benjamin's life as an artist. D．The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington. 解析：C　[主旨大意題。文章從本杰明在六歲時(shí)自制畫筆作畫寫起，到后來(lái)利用專業(yè)工具作畫，再到知名畫家送給本杰明書籍，都是在講述本杰明是如何一步步走上藝術(shù)之路的，故選C。] 10．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest? A．The cat would be closely watched. B．The

37、 cat would get some medical care. C．Benjamin would leave his home shortly. D．Benjamin would have real brushes soon. 解析：D　[句意理解題。由前文可知，本杰明在沒(méi)有專業(yè)畫筆之前是用貓的毛制作畫筆的。畫線句的字面意思是“貓的命運(yùn)將會(huì)得到改善”。由該段后文可知，本杰明的表兄送給了他專業(yè)的顏料和畫筆。由此可推知D項(xiàng)與畫線句的意思相符。] 11．What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent? A．He to

38、ok him to see painting exhibitions. B．He provided him with painting materials. C．He sent him to a school in Philadelphia. D．He taught him how to make engravings. 解析：B　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。短文第四段提到“He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift.”，接著下一段又談到“... Mr Pennington gave Benjamin materials for cre

39、ating oil paintings.”由此可知，潘寧頓送給本杰明繪畫材料來(lái)幫助他發(fā)展藝術(shù)才能，故選B項(xiàng)。] 12．Williams' two books helped Benjamin to________. A．master the use of paints B．a(chǎn)ppreciate landscape paintings C．get to know other painters D．make up his mind to be a painter 解析：D　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章最后兩句可知，這兩本書是他們通往古典繪畫的入門教程，也幫助他下定決心成為一名畫家，故選D項(xiàng)。]

40、 D (2017·全國(guó)Ⅱ，B)I first met Paul Newman in 1968，when George Roy Hill，the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid，introduced us in New York City.When the studio didn't want me for the film—it wanted somebody as well known as Paul—he stood up for me.I don't know how many people would have done

41、that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers. The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference，we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV.We were resp

42、ectful of craft(技藝)and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play.Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous，aggressive，and making fun of each other—but always with an underlying affection.Those were also at the core (核心)of our relationsh

43、ip off the screen. We shared the belief that if you're fortunate enough to have success，you should put something back—he with his Newman's Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill，and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival.Paul and I didn't see each other

44、all that regularly，but sharing that brought us together.We supported each other financially and by showing up at events. I last saw him a few months ago.He'd been in and out of the hospital.He and I both knew what the deal was，and we didn't talk about it.Ours was a relationship that didn't need a

45、lot of words. [語(yǔ)篇解讀]　本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者和一位著名演員保羅·紐曼之間的友誼。13.Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to the author at first? A．Paul Newman wanted it. B．The studio powers didn't like his agent. C．He wasn't famous enough. D．The director recommended someone else. 解析：C　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“When the

46、 studio didn't want me for the film—it wanted somebody as well known as Paul—he stood up for me.”可知，電影公司想要像保羅那樣出名的人，由此可以判斷，作者不夠出名，故選C項(xiàng)。] 14．Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship? A．They were of the same age. B．They worked in the same theater. C．They were both good actors. D．They

47、 had similar characteristics. 解析：D　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后兩句可知，作者與保羅在熒幕前和熒幕后都很幽默、有進(jìn)取心，并互開(kāi)對(duì)方的玩笑，即他們兩人有相似的性格，故選D項(xiàng)。] 15．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Their belief. B．Their care for children. C．Their success. D．Their support for each other. 解析：A　[代詞指代題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“We shared

48、the belief that...”以及下面對(duì)belief的具體解釋可知，畫線處是指共同擁有這種“信念”使他們兩人連在一起，故選A項(xiàng)。] 16．What is the author's purpose in writing the text? A．To show his love of films. B．To remember a friend. C．To introduce a new movie. D．To share his acting experience. 解析：B　[寫作意圖題。本文是按照時(shí)間順序?qū)懙模瑥淖髡吲c保羅的最初相見(jiàn)，到友誼慢慢加深，以及幾個(gè)月前去看望生病的

49、保羅，由此可知作者寫此文的目的是回憶一位朋友，故選B項(xiàng)。] E (2019·河南新鄉(xiāng)二模)Throughout the past few years，I have tried to give myself to others.I have bounced around to find where I truly fit in.I found my place while I stayed in Guatemala，an orphanage(孤兒院)，with the children living there.Through hearing many stories of their li

50、ves，I was moved to tears and started to question my living ways and gave up everything that wasn't essential：makeup and any other sort of luxury(奢侈品)．I lived like they did.It was the most relaxing feeling in the world. When at Nuestros Pequenos Hermanos，we were given the task of creating a pig pen

51、.At first，I thought it should be easy.After arriving at the area where the pig pen should be，we saw a hill.We were told to uproot the weeds as well as level the entire area.Looking at it，we felt it would be impossible.On my own faith journey，I have felt this type of doubt before.The“hole”，as we ref

52、erred to，is a symbol of my faith journey.It appeared to be an obstacle I could not overcome，but in the end I competed it with efforts.I feel this pig pen wasn't easy to create but was so rewarding to give. I've always struggled to be on a journey of faith，but I've never completely stepped foot onto

53、 the path until Guatemala.I've always tried to open my heart to everyone around me and give them my love.I feel as though I cut open my heart and share every bit of love I had with these orphans.There is one orphan named Ceto who will always remain very close to my heart.In Guatemala，I sponsor with

54、thirty dollars a month，but it doesn't seem enough.I'll return there next summer and give more of my love for a whole month. When it was time to leave，I looked out of the window and saw not just ordinary children.Overall，the most significant accomplishment I made in Guatemala was stepping towards my

55、 own faith journey and not looking back. [語(yǔ)篇解讀]　 本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在危地馬拉期間，改變了自己的生活，從而改變了自己的人生。 17．What resulted in the author's decision to live a new life? A．Desire to help others. B．Decrease in his income. C．A knowledge of the orphans' life. D．Awareness of the difficulty in his life. 解析：C　

56、[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第三、四句可知，作者了解到孤兒的生活之后，決定改變自己的生活。故選C。] 18．What does the underlined word“it”in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Removing the doubt. B．Uprooting the weed. C．Starting the faith journey. D．Creating the pig pen. 解析：D　[代詞指代題。根據(jù)畫線詞后面的“I feel this pig pen wasn't easy to create but was so rewarding to

57、 give.”可以猜測(cè)出，it代指建造豬圈這件事。故選D。] 19．What did the author think of his experience in Guate mala? A．It was regretful. B．It was meaningful. C．It was interesting. D．It was frightening. 解析：B　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Overall，the most significant accomplishment I made in Guatemala was stepping towards my own fai

58、th journey and not looking back.”可以推斷出，作者認(rèn)為在危地馬拉的經(jīng)歷是有意義的。故選B。] 20．What may be the best title for the text? A．A Step into a New World B．An Awful Faith Journey C．A Great Success in Life D．A Return of Confidence 解析：A　[標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Overall，the most significant accomplishment I made in Guatemala was stepping towards my own faith journey and not looking back.”可以推斷出，在危地馬拉期間，作者改變了自己的生活，從而改變了人生。故用A Step into a New World 作為本文的標(biāo)題最佳。故選A。]