高考英語語法精講與精練 ：第二章 名詞

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1、高考英語語法精講與精練 ：第二章 名詞 第二章 名詞精講與精練 一、名詞講前練：用所給單詞的適當形式填空 It was late at night.Two[1]_________(German) were sleeping in their room when,suddenly,one of them,Mrs. Green, was woken up and found a thief slipping into their room to try his luck. She had three [2]___________(thousand) dollars in her pocke

2、t. “What should I do? Many [3]_________(thief) usually bring [4]________(knife) with them,” She thought in [5]______ (silent). And at the same time the thief happened to touch a [6]________(sport) suit. It seemed as if he found there was someone in the room, so he went to the next room where two [7]

3、__________(Frenchman)were sleeping. When he was looking for [8]_________(money) or some [9]___________(jewel) in the next room, Mrs. Green woke up her husband quickly and called the [10]_______ (policeman). And then the thief knew what had happened. He was so scared that he took out a knife. Just th

4、en the police came up. Before the thief ran away,the police caught him. For Mrs. Green,it was really an unusual experience. Keys:1.Germans 2.thousand 3.thieves 4.knives 5.silence 6.sports 7.Frenchmen 8.money 9.jewels/jewelry【jewel的復數直接加s;jewelry為不可數名詞，表示jewel的總稱?！? 10.police【police可以表示警察，警方

5、，警察部門；call the police報警】 二、名詞考點精講： 名詞考點1、名詞的數 1.名詞的分類： (1)專有名詞：專有名詞無復數形式。 ①由普通名詞構成的專有名詞要加定冠詞the,如：the Great Wall。 ②the+姓氏名復數形式，則表示該姓氏一家人(復數含義)。如:the Greens(格林一家人)。 (2)普通名詞：普通名詞又分個體名詞，集體名詞，物質名詞和抽象名詞，其中個體名詞和集體名詞是可數名詞，物質名詞和抽象名詞是不可數名詞。 ①個體名詞:表示單個的人和事物。如car(汽車)、room(房間)、 fan(風扇)、photo(照片) ②集體名詞:

6、表示一群人或一些事物的名稱。如 family(家庭)、army(軍隊)、government(政府)、group(集團) ③物質名詞:表示物質或不具備確定形狀和大小的個體的物質。如fire(火)、steel(鋼)、air (空氣)、water(水)、milk(牛奶) ④抽象名詞:表示動作，狀態(tài)，品質或其他抽象概念。如 labor( 勞動)、health(健康)、life (生活)、friendship(友情)、patience(耐心) 2.可數名詞復數的變化規(guī)則 (1).一般情況加s : book-- books，house---houses (2).以s、sh、ch、x結尾的加es

7、: class--- classes，box----boxes，match----matches (3).輔音字母+ y結尾的變y為 i加es: city---cities country----countries，factory----factories (4).以 o 結尾的詞：有生命的詞加es,無生命的詞加s: hero---heroes,potato---potatoes;radio-- radios, zoo---zoos, piano---pianos. photo---photos 例外: bamboo---bamboos (5).以f, fe 結尾的變f或fe為v +e

8、s: thief--thieves, wife--wives, life--lives, knife--knives 例外：belief--beliefs roof--roofs gulf--gulfs 3.可數名詞的不規(guī)則變化 (1).常見的不規(guī)則變化名詞 child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice man---men woman---women (2).單復數同形的名詞 Chinese,Japanese,Swiss,works(工廠),means,fish，d

9、eer,sheep 一句話記憶：Some Chinese,Japanese and Swiss keep some fish,deer and sheep in this works by this means. (3)people,police,cattle(牛)只有復數形式。 (4)以s結尾，但仍然為單數。例如： ①maths, politics,physics等學科名詞。 ②news是不可數名詞 ③the United States, the United Nations應視為單數。 名詞考點2、名詞作定語 (1)名詞作定語一般用單數。例如：paper money, an

10、 evening paper, city life, office work (2)用復數作定語。例如：sports meeting, sales man/woman/girl(男/女售貨員), goods train(貨車)，customs papers(海關文件) 【注意：其中goods和customs本身就帶有s】 (3)數詞+名詞作定語時，若有連字符，名詞用單數；若無連字符，名詞用復數加“’”.例如： 例如：a five-year-plan, a five years’ plan (4)man和woman做定語時隨著被修飾的名詞的單復數變化而變化。 例如：A man/woma

11、n teacher--two men/women teacher 名詞考點3、名詞所有格 名詞所有格有兩種形式：’+s式和of式。 (1)一般說來，表示有生命的名詞和表示時間，國家，距離等名詞的所有格用’+s式,例如：Mary’s mother, today’s news。 (2)表示無生命的事物名詞的所有格用of式，例如:the cover of the book。 (3)雙重所有格：例如：a friend of my father’s, a friend of mine。 三、名詞應考技巧： 1、在語法填空題中，空格處作主語和賓語時，常用名詞，考慮把提示詞改為名詞形式；如果給

12、的是就是名詞，則考慮用名詞復數形式，這時注意修飾語。 2、在改錯題中，重點考慮不可數名詞是否是用了復數形式，可數名詞該用復數的是否用了單數。 四、考點精練 （一）單句語法填空 1.【2021·全國甲卷】Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and49(watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines.key: watchtowers

13、 2.【2021·全國乙卷】It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the 62 (develop)of the local areas. key: deve

14、lopment 3.【2021·全國乙卷】69(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(遠足)and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment. key: Activities 4.【2021·新高考Ⅰ卷】The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 57 (human) are. key: hum

15、ans 5.【2021·浙江高考卷】In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their 38（marry）ceremony in 1842. key:marriage 6.【2020?全國Ⅱ卷】Chinese New Year is a 61.　　　　 (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.key:celebration 7.【2020?全國Ⅲ卷】

16、Filled with 　64　 (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. key:curiosity 8.【2020·新高考Ⅰ卷】Historical 　44　(accurate)is important but so is entertainment. key:accuracy 9.【2017全國I卷】This trend,which was started by the medical community(醫(yī)學界) 61 as a method of fighting heart disease,has had some u

17、nintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart diseasekey:effects 10.【2017全國II卷】 It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 61 (crowd) on the roads.key:crowds 11.【2017全國II卷】This development was only possible with the 69 (introduce) of ele

18、ctric-powered engines and lifts. key:introduction 12.【2017全國III卷】She is determined to carry on with her 66 (educate).key:education 13.【2017全國III卷】She has turned down several 67(invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.key:invitations 14. 【2016全國I卷】But for tourists like

19、me, pandas are its top 61 (attract).keys:attraction 15.【2016全國I卷】 The nursery team switches him every few 69 ( day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed,the other is with mum-she never suspects.key:days 16.【2016全國II卷】Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll

20、 feel a real sense of 42 (achieve).keys:achievement 17.【2016全國II卷】Recent 46 (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly .keys:studies 18.【2016全國III卷】He influenced the 48 (develop)of chopsticks.keys:development 19、【2018?卷I】Two of the au

21、thors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ________(cause).key:causes 20、【2018?卷II】This switch has decreased________(pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs a

22、nd made drinking water safer for people.key:pollution 21、 I'm a ________(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. Key: scientist (二)單句改錯 1.【2021年全國甲卷】Many students say they will talk to their friend or classmates because they're of the same age and can understand each other.key:frien

23、d →friends 2.I always assist my parents in doing the dish after meals. I also water the flowers in the yard. key:dish→dishes 3.【2020·全國卷I】Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick. key:chopstick→chopsticks 4.【2020·全國卷II】Luckily, I will go home in two weeks for summe

24、r vacations. Key:句意：幸運的是，兩周后我就要回家過暑假。分析句子，vacation譯為“假期”是個不可數名詞，后面不可加s表示復數。Summer vacation 譯為“暑期”是固定搭配。故將vacations改為vacation。 5.【2020·全國卷III】My mom is really concerned with the health of everyone in our families. key:考查名詞單復數。句意同上。family當“家庭”講時，是集合名詞，這里表示“我們一個家庭”，所以用單數，families改成family。 6.【2019·全

25、國卷I】All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, saying that I had a talent for football. Key:考查名詞的數。“player（運動員）”為可數名詞，所以all（所有的）后需要用player的復數形式。故將player改為players。 7.【2019·全國卷II】Since I was a kid, I`ve considered different job I would like to do. key:考查名詞的數?！癹ob（工作；職業(yè)）”為可數名詞，用differ

26、ent（不同的）修飾時意思為不同種類的工作，應該用名詞的復數形式。故將job改為jobs。 9.【2018·全國卷I】Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. Keys: chicken改成chickens 考查名詞復數。他們擁有一個大的獨立住宅，還養(yǎng)了許多只雞。根據前文的dozens of可知，其后用名詞復數形式。 10.【2016全國I卷】It is always crowded with customers at meal times.

27、key:times→time 11.【2016全國I卷】My uncle tells me that the key to success is honest. key:honest→honesty 12.【2017全國I卷】The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turn left!”. key:word→words 13.【2017全國II卷】Besides, they often get some useful informations from the Internet. key:info

28、rmations→information 14.【2017全國III卷】I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes，playing pop music，and collecting the latest music albums.key:difference→different 15.【2016全國II卷】If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. key:knowledges

29、→knowledge 16.【2016全國III卷】The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. key:year→years 17.【2016四川卷】Mom has a full-time job,so she has to do most of the houseworks. key: houseworks→housework 18.【2016浙江卷】When I was a very young children, my father created a regular practice

30、I remember well years later. key:children→child 19.【2015陜西卷】Mum taught me some basic step of baking. key:step→steps 20.【2015四川卷】As I tell you last time, I made three new friend here.key: friend→friends 21.【2015浙江卷】My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made f

31、rom glass. key: side→sides 22.【2015全國II卷】One day , little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent. key: parent→parents 23.【2015全國I卷】The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. key: airs→air 24、【2018?卷I】Last winter when I went there again, they had a big separate house to raise

32、 dozens of chicken. key:chicken--chickens 25、【2018?卷II】After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room. Key: sort--sorts 26、【2018?卷III】"The classroom is a place for learning and that includes leaning from textbooks, and mistake as well." key:mistake--mistakes (三)名詞語篇填空訓練

33、My friend Lucy is a lovely girl,who is full of [1]__________(wise).One day,she made a [2]_______ (decide )that she would go to town to buy some [3]______(box) of apples and two [4]_____(loaf) of bread before the prices went up. On the way to the town,she saw several [5]_______(child) playing on the

34、grass,and some [6]__________(woman)sitting in the shade, chatting happily.After doing the shopping,she headed for her village. Suddenly a heavy rain poured down. As a result,she had no [7]________(choose) but to take shelter from the rain,during which time she had the [8]_________(free) to have a chat with other people. The [9]___________(communicate) made her relaxed, and it seemed to shorten the [10]___________(long) of the time she waited for the rain to stop. Keys:1.wisdom 2.decision 3.boxes 4.loaves 5.children 6.women 7.choice 8.freedom munication 10.length