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1、走向高考走向高考 英語英語路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮 吾將上下而求索吾將上下而求索人教版人教版(課標(biāo)卷地區(qū)課標(biāo)卷地區(qū)) 高考總復(fù)習(xí)高考總復(fù)習(xí) 語法專項(xiàng)突破語法專項(xiàng)突破 第二部分第二部分專題四動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞短語專題四動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞短語第二部分第二部分 一、特定語境下動(dòng)詞詞義的辨析 1adapt,adjust,adopt,attachadapt適應(yīng),adapt oneself to使自己適應(yīng) adjust 適應(yīng),調(diào)整,adjust oneself to使自己適應(yīng) adopt采取,采納;收養(yǎng),領(lǐng)養(yǎng) attach把附在上;重視 attach much importance to.非常重視 According
2、 to experts,China needs to adjust its family planning policy to fight against an aging population. 根據(jù)專家的建議,中國(guó)需要調(diào)整計(jì)劃生育政策來應(yīng)對(duì)人口老齡化問題。 Parents attach much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift. 父母都非常重視教育。他們會(huì)盡自己最大的努力給予孩子們無價(jià)的饋贈(zèng)。 2injure,hurt,wound,dest
3、roy As a matter of fact,I didnt mean to hurt his feelings. 事實(shí)上,我不想傷害他的感情。 injure一般指在意外事故中受傷。 hurt表示“傷害”的一般用法,既可指肉體的傷害,也可指情感的傷害。 wound 常指外傷,尤指在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、戰(zhàn)斗中造成的傷害。 destroy一般指徹底損壞,常譯成“毀壞,損壞”。 3fit,suit,match She matched the carpet with some very nice curtains in colour. 她用顏色非常好看的窗簾和這地毯搭配起來。 fit及物動(dòng)詞,表示“適合,合身”。
4、作形容詞,表示“適合的,健康的”。常構(gòu)成be fit for搭配。作不及物動(dòng)詞,表示“吻合,合身”。 suit作“適合”解,常強(qiáng)調(diào)顏色、款式、質(zhì)地等適合某人,而fit則強(qiáng)調(diào)尺寸、大小合身。 match表示“在(品質(zhì)、顏色、設(shè)計(jì)等方面)與相配”。 4spend,cost,take,pay The watch was very good,and he paid 20 percent down for it. 那塊表很不錯(cuò),他以20%的折扣價(jià)買下了它。 spend主語只能是人。常用結(jié)構(gòu):sb.spend(s)some time/ moneyon sth./in doing sth. cost主語只能
5、是指物的名詞、代詞或名詞性短語。常用結(jié)構(gòu):sth.cost(s)sb.some money take主語多為指物的名詞。常用結(jié)構(gòu):ittakes(sb.)some timeto do sth. pay主語是人,為買某物而付錢。常用結(jié)構(gòu):sb.pay(s)some moneyfor sth. The government was planning a new railway connecting Beijing and Shanghai. 政府當(dāng)時(shí)正在規(guī)劃一條連接北京和上海的新鐵路。 In this day and age,women can have children and jobs as
6、well. I cant agree more.Its great to have the two combined. 在當(dāng)今時(shí)代,婦女既可以帶孩子又可以工作。 我完全贊成。把兩者結(jié)合起來太棒了。 6rise,arise,raise rise升起,是不及物動(dòng)詞,其過去式是rose,過去分詞risen。 arise(問題等)出現(xiàn), 是不及物動(dòng)詞,其過去式與過去分詞:arose,arisen。 raise 舉起,是及物動(dòng)詞,是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞。 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太陽東方升起西方落下。 Those who want to say
7、 anything more raise your hand and then rise to speak. 想多發(fā)言的人舉手,然后站起來發(fā)言。 溫馨提示常見形近動(dòng)詞小結(jié) 綜觀近幾年高考試題對(duì)動(dòng)詞的考查不難發(fā)現(xiàn),高考題中所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)常出現(xiàn)詞形相似的情況,考生在平時(shí)遇到詞形相近的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)注意歸納。這里總結(jié)了一些常見的形似動(dòng)詞: 1translate(翻譯),transport(運(yùn)輸),transplant(移植),transform(改變,轉(zhuǎn)變); 2conserve(保護(hù)),preserve(保護(hù),維護(hù)),reserve(保留); 3commit(犯),submit(提交,呈遞),permit
8、(允許),admit(承認(rèn)); 4imply(暗示),apply(應(yīng)用),supply(提供),reply(答復(fù)); 5inspect(檢查),expect(期待),respect(尊敬),suspect(懷疑); 6resist(抵抗),persist(持續(xù)),insist(堅(jiān)持),assist(幫助),consist(由組成); 7rise(上升),arise(出現(xiàn)),raise(提高),arouse(喚醒); 8affect(影響),afford(買得起,提供),offer(給予,提供); 9succeed(成功),proceed(進(jìn)行),exceed(超越); 10explode(爆炸
9、),explore(考察,探究),export(出口); 11require(要求),acquire(獲得),inquire(詢問),inspire(鼓舞); 12contribute(捐獻(xiàn)),distribute(分配); 13adapt(使適應(yīng)),adopt(采納,收養(yǎng)); 14consume(消耗),assume(假定)。 二、特定語境下動(dòng)詞短語詞義的辨析 break 短語break away from脫離;背叛;break down損壞; (化學(xué))分解;(汽車)拋錨;垮掉;break in闖入,強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入;插嘴,打斷;break into闖入;打斷,突然(笑、唱等)起來;break of
10、f打斷;折斷;break out(戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、火災(zāi)等)突然發(fā)生,爆發(fā);break up(物理)分解;粉碎,破碎;結(jié)束;散開,解散The machine must break down at this busy hour.正忙的時(shí)候機(jī)器偏偏壞了。hold短語hold back隱瞞;阻礙;猶豫;控制(情感);hold out伸出;堅(jiān)持,維持;hold up阻擋,使停頓;支撐得住;hold on等著;別掛斷;堅(jiān)持??;hold on to保留;抓住不放Id hold on to that house for the time being;house prices are rising sharply at
11、the moment. 我目前要守住那套房子,這段時(shí)間房?jī)r(jià)漲得很快。 bring短語bring about引起,導(dǎo)致;bring back把送回,歸還;使回憶起;bring down使倒下;降低;bring in引進(jìn);掙得;bring out使罷工;闡明;出版;bring up教育,培養(yǎng)The government has taken measures to bring down the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.政府已經(jīng)采取措施來降低日用品的高價(jià)格,以保持市場(chǎng)穩(wěn)定。 make短語make sense有意義,講得通
12、;make it及時(shí)到達(dá);成功;make up編造;化妝;組成,構(gòu)成;補(bǔ)齊,湊足;鋪床;和好;make up for補(bǔ)償,彌補(bǔ);make up of由構(gòu)成;make room for讓地方;make fun of取笑;make use of利用;make way for為開路,讓路;make up ones mind打定主意,決定The boy is working harder than ever,hoping to make up the time he has wasted playing online games.為了把浪費(fèi)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲上的時(shí)間彌補(bǔ)回來,男孩比之前學(xué)習(xí)更努力。 come短
13、語come about發(fā)生,產(chǎn)生;come along一起來;come across(偶然)遇見(或發(fā)現(xiàn));come off從離開,脫落;come on來吧,趕快;come out出來;(書)出版;come to共計(jì),達(dá)到;come up with追上,趕上;想出(主意);找出(答案)Would you like to come along with us to the film tonight?今晚你愿意和我們一起去看電影嗎? put短語put aside放在一邊;put away收起來放好;儲(chǔ)蓄;put back放回原處;撥回;推遲;put down放下;平定,鎮(zhèn)壓;記下;put forw
14、ard提出(計(jì)劃、建議等);撥快;提前;put off延期,推遲;使分神;put out撲滅;生產(chǎn);公布;put through接通電話;put up提出;建造;舉起;張貼,公布;留宿,過夜;put up with容忍 He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of putting up at a hotel for the night.他決定當(dāng)晚直接開車回家,而不住旅館。 get短語get across被理解;get along/on with進(jìn)展;與相處;get down下來;記下;get down to開始認(rèn)真干;ge
15、t off出發(fā);下車;get through通過;打通(電話);用完,耗盡Team leaders must ensure that all members get over their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes.團(tuán)隊(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者必須要確保所有的隊(duì)員克服本能的欲望以避免犯錯(cuò)誤帶來的尷尬。set短語set about著手干;開始做;set aside暫時(shí)不考慮;把放到一旁;省出,留出;set off動(dòng)身;引爆;引起,激發(fā);set out開始;動(dòng)身;陳述,闡明 In much of
16、the animal world,night is the time set aside for sleeppure and simple.對(duì)大多數(shù)動(dòng)物而言,夜晚就是被騰出來睡覺的時(shí)間純粹而又簡(jiǎn)單。give短語give away泄露;頒發(fā);贈(zèng)送;give back歸還;使恢復(fù);give in屈服;呈交;give off發(fā)出,放出(氣味、光、熱等);give out用盡,耗盡;分發(fā);公布,發(fā)表;發(fā)出(光、熱等);give up放棄He said he wasnt disappointed at the result of the final exam,but the look on his fa
17、ce gave himself away.他說他對(duì)期末考試的結(jié)果不失望,但是他臉上的表情出賣了他。take短語take charge of負(fù)責(zé),掌管;take in吸收;欺騙;蒙騙;改小,改瘦;take off(飛機(jī))起飛;脫下;休假;迅速流行;(事業(yè))騰飛;take on呈現(xiàn);雇用;承擔(dān)(責(zé)任);take over接管,接任;take the place of代替;take up從事;拿起;占據(jù)(時(shí)間或空間)Some insects take on the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves.有些昆蟲為了自我保護(hù)會(huì)隨著周圍環(huán)境
18、改變自身顏色。 turn短語turn away轉(zhuǎn)身,走開;打發(fā)走;turn down拒絕;調(diào)小;turn off關(guān)掉;turn on打開;turn out結(jié)果;證明是;關(guān)掉;生產(chǎn),制造;turn over打翻;仔細(xì)思量;移交;turn to求助于;翻到,轉(zhuǎn)到;turn up調(diào)大;出現(xiàn)You look upset.Whats the matter? I had my proposal turned down again. 你看起來很沮喪,怎么了? 我的提議再次遭到了拒絕。其他常考的動(dòng)詞短語account for解釋,說明;answer for對(duì)負(fù)責(zé),擔(dān)保,擔(dān)憂;consist of包括,由組成;
19、contribute to有助于,導(dǎo)致;figure out想清楚,弄明白,算出;focus on/upon集中(精神、注意力)于;insist on堅(jiān)持要求;object to反對(duì);point out指出;refer to提到,指的是,查閱;meet with偶遇;result in結(jié)果是,導(dǎo)致;see to照看,處理,負(fù)責(zé);show off炫耀;stick to堅(jiān)持,不放棄;use up耗盡,用盡;wear out耗盡,使筋疲力盡Jack cant concentrate on his study recently. Yes,that might account for why he did so badly in the last test. 杰克近來不集中精力學(xué)習(xí)。 是的,這也許就是他上次考試非常糟糕的原因。