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1、專題十四 簡單句的基本句型 1. 概念:由一個(gè)主語(或并列主語)和一個(gè)謂語(或并列謂語)構(gòu)成的句子叫作簡單句。 2. 分類 (1)句子分類(按結(jié)構(gòu)):簡單句、并列復(fù)合句、主從復(fù)合句 (2)簡單句的基本句型 主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語:S+V+P 主語+不及物動(dòng)詞:S+V 考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)歸納 主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語:S+V+O 主語+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語:S+V+IO+DO 主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語:S+V+O+OC there be句型 考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)歸納 考點(diǎn)一:簡單句的五種基本句型考點(diǎn)一:簡單句的五種基本句型 1. 句子的成分包括:主語、謂語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、賓語補(bǔ)足語和同位語。
2、 (1) 主語:名詞、代詞主格、數(shù)詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞等 如:I have a stomachache. 我胃痛。 (2) 謂語:動(dòng)詞,一般位于主語之后 如:He put the book on the table. 他把書放在桌上。 (3) 賓語:名詞、代詞賓格、數(shù)詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞等 如:I lost my school ID card. 我丟了校園卡。 考點(diǎn)梳理考點(diǎn)梳理 (4)表語:在連系動(dòng)詞之后的形容詞、名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、介詞短語等 如:My keys are in my schoolbag. 我的鑰匙在書包里。 (5)定語:形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、動(dòng)名詞不定式、介詞短語
3、等 如:The white model plane is hers. 白色的飛機(jī)模型是她的。 (6)狀語:副詞、介詞短語、動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞和分詞短語等 如:Sports star eats well. 運(yùn)動(dòng)明星吃得很好。 考點(diǎn)梳理考點(diǎn)梳理 (7)賓語補(bǔ)足語:形容詞、名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞等 如:The loud music makes me nervous. 吵鬧的音樂使我很緊張。 (8)同位語:名詞、數(shù)詞、代詞或從句 如:Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us. 我們的新老師史密斯先生對我們很好。 考點(diǎn)梳理考點(diǎn)梳理 (9)連系
4、動(dòng)詞的種類: be動(dòng)詞類:am,is,are,was,were 表示變化類:become,get,turn 感官動(dòng)詞類:look,sound,smell,taste,feel 表示延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞 :remain,stay,keep 考點(diǎn)梳理考點(diǎn)梳理 2. 簡單句的五種基本句型 (1) 主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語(S+V+P) 如:You look happy. 你看起來很高興。 (2) 主語+不及物動(dòng)詞(S+V) 如:We talked a lot. 我們談了很多。 (3) 主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(S+V+O) 如:I really enjoy my English class. 我真的很喜歡英語課。 (
5、4) 主語+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語(S+V+IO+DO) 如:He sent me some flowers. 他給我送了些花。 (5) 主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語(S+V+O+OC) 如:I find English interesting. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)英語很有趣。 考點(diǎn)梳理考點(diǎn)梳理 1. The twins fond of the new idea in the magazine article(2016上海市) A. be B. am C. is D. are 2. Tom, dont throw the rubbish on the floor. We should keep
6、the classroom . Oh, sorry. Miss Wang. (2015自貢市) A. clean B. quiet C. dirty D. noisy 3. The oranges sweet. Of course. They are from Yongxing, Chenzhou. (2016郴州市) A. taste B. eat C. drink D. see 考點(diǎn)自測考點(diǎn)自測DAA 4. When the boy heard the words, his face red. (2016龍東地區(qū)) A. got B. turned C. changed D. became
7、 5. Dont hurry him. You will just have to be and wait until he finishes the work. (2016安徽省) A. active B. careful C. patient D. famous 考點(diǎn)自測考點(diǎn)自測BC 6. Tomorrow is our teachers birthday and we are going to give a big surprise. (2016淮安市) A. his B. him C. he D. himself 7. What do you think of Chinese teac
8、her, Jim? Shes an excellent teacher, Ive improved a lot since she taught Chinese. (2016黃岡市) A. our;us B. our;our C. ours;us D. ours;our 考點(diǎn)自測考點(diǎn)自測BA 考點(diǎn)二:考點(diǎn)二:there be句型句型 1. there be句型的結(jié)構(gòu):There + be+某人 / 某物+某地 表示:某地有某人或者某物 2. there be句型的各種句式 (1)肯定句:There are some trees in the picture. (2)否定句:There aren
9、t any trees in the picture. (將否定詞not放在be 之后) (3)疑問句: Are there any trees in the picture? (將be 放在there 之前) Yes, there are. (No, there arent.) (回答時(shí)用yes或no,后接簡單答語) 考點(diǎn)梳理考點(diǎn)梳理 3. there be句型的各種時(shí)態(tài) (1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):there is / are 如:There is an apple on the table. 桌子上有一個(gè)蘋果。 (2)一般過去時(shí):there was / were 如:There was a foo
10、tball match in our school yesterday. 昨天我們學(xué)校有一場足球賽。 (3)一般將來時(shí):there is going to be或 there will be 如:There will be a class meeting this afternoon. 今天下午有班會(huì)。 考點(diǎn)梳理考點(diǎn)梳理 4.There be句型的主謂一致 there be+并列主語結(jié)構(gòu)中,謂語動(dòng)詞與鄰近的主語保持一致,即就近原則。如: (1)There is a book and two pens on the desk. (a book 與be動(dòng)詞最近,故用is) 桌面上有一本書和兩支筆。
11、 (2)There are two pens and a book on the desk. (two pens與be動(dòng)詞最近,故用are) 桌面上有兩支筆和一本書。 考點(diǎn)梳理考點(diǎn)梳理 5. there be句型的反意疑問句 there be 句型的附加疑問詞要用there來充當(dāng),而不用it或者they來充當(dāng)。 如:There is a beautiful girl in the garden, isnt there? 花園里有個(gè)漂亮女孩,是嗎? 6. 辨析there be和have / has there be強(qiáng)調(diào)某地存在某物 / 某人 have / has強(qiáng)調(diào)某人擁有某物(強(qiáng)調(diào)主語和賓語的
12、所屬關(guān)系) 如:There are quite a few trees in the school. 學(xué)校里有許多樹。 I have a lot of good friends. 我有很多好朋友。 考點(diǎn)梳理考點(diǎn)梳理 1. there any living things on other planets? I have no ideas. Maybe we can know more about that in the future. (2015廣東省) A. Is B. Are C. Has D. Have 2. Excuse me. Is there a bus to the Olympic Center? .You can take the No.11 bus. (2016宜昌市) A. Yes, it is B. Yes, there is C. Im not sure D. Sorry, I have no ideaBB 考點(diǎn)自測考點(diǎn)自測