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1、Unit 4 What would you do?一、教學(xué)內(nèi)容：Unit 4 What would you do?二. 學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) Functions:1. 談?wù)撘恍┘僭O(shè)的、虛擬的情況2. 初步學(xué)習(xí)虛擬語氣3. 使用虛擬句提出建議三、教學(xué)重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)：掌握與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句四、重點(diǎn)詞和短語1. give it to charity把它給慈善機(jī)構(gòu)2. medical research 醫(yī)學(xué)研究3. watch it grow 看著它上漲增值4. wear a shirt and tie穿襯衣打領(lǐng)帶5. what if如果將會(huì)怎么樣6. get pimples 得了小膿皰7. speak in
2、 public在公共場合說話8. give / make a speech演講9. in front of 在前面in the front of在前部10. be in a movie 拍電影11. without permission 未經(jīng)允許12. introduce sb. to sb. 把某人介紹給某人13. pretty/fairly confident 相當(dāng)自信14. social situations 社會(huì)情況15. bother sb. 打擾某人16. not.in the slightest 根本不，一點(diǎn)也不notat all 根本不，一點(diǎn)也不17. annoy sb. 使某
3、人生氣get/be annoyed at sb. 對某人生氣18. plenty of 足夠的，很多的- 1 - / 1619. get along with與相處20. be easy to get along with 容易交往/相處21. rather than 勝于A rather than BA勝于Bwould rather do A than do B 寧愿做A也不愿做B22. English speech contest英語演講比賽23. represent the class 代表班級24. come top 名列前茅25. let sb. down 使某人失望26. come
4、 up with 針對問題提出想法27. the rest of 剩余的28. first-aidbook急救書29. have a lot of experiencedoing sth. 做某事有很多經(jīng)驗(yàn)30. do with=deal with處理31. come out 出版，發(fā)表32. by accident 偶然地；意外地33. cover sth. with sth. 用某物蓋住某物be covered with sth. 被覆蓋34. press sth. hard 用力擠壓35. hurry to do sth.快速做某事36. get the medical help取得醫(yī)護(hù)
5、幫助37. the burned area受傷的地方38. (cold) running water (冰)自來水39. offer sb. sth. 提供某人某物40. talk to sb. about sth.與某人談?wù)撃呈?1. be dangerous of/doing sth. 做某事危險(xiǎn)42. internet friend網(wǎng)友五、重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)、考點(diǎn)及疑點(diǎn)注釋1. If I were you, Id wear a shirt and tie. 如果我是你，我就穿襯衫打領(lǐng)帶。(Section A, 2a)tie在這里是名詞，意為“領(lǐng)帶，帶子”等。He wore a blue tie.
6、 他打著藍(lán)色的領(lǐng)帶。知識拓展tie也可用作動(dòng)詞，表示“系”，“捆綁”，常與介詞to連用，表示“把系在上”。特別注意tie的現(xiàn)在分詞為tying。He tied his dog to the fence. 他把狗拴在了柵欄上。2. If I were you, Id be a little late. 如果我是你，我就晚點(diǎn)到。(Section A, 2a)a little可以作狀語修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞以及形容詞和副詞的比較級等，相當(dāng)于a bit。Try to help your mother a little. 設(shè)法幫你媽媽一點(diǎn)忙。I feel a little better. 我感覺好一點(diǎn)了
7、。特別提示a little意為“一點(diǎn)，稍微”，既可作形容詞，又可作名詞。用作形容詞時(shí)，表達(dá)肯定含義，后面接不可數(shù)名詞。Please give me a little water. 請給我一點(diǎn)水。（形容詞）I know a little about that man. 那個(gè)人的情況我知道一點(diǎn)。（名詞）魔力解析not a little和not a bit兩者意義不同，前者意為“很多”，“不少”（=much），后者意為“一點(diǎn)也不”，“一點(diǎn)也沒有”（=not at all）。3. What if everyone else brings a present? 要是其他人都帶了禮物該怎么辦呢？(Sect
8、ion A, 2c)(1) everyone else中的else用來修飾everyone，表示“其他的，別的”，它常放在疑問詞或不定代詞的后面。Is there anything else? 有別的東西嗎？What else can you see? 你能看見別的什么東西嗎？知識拓展else還常與or連用，意思是“否則，要不然”。You must pay 100 or else go to prison. 你必須付一百美元，否則就得去坐牢。(2) what if 表示“要是又怎么樣？”的意思，其結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于what would happen if.。What if it rains when
9、we cant get under shelter?假若下起雨來，我們又沒處避雨可怎么辦？4. Well, dogs can be a lot of trouble. 噢，狗可能帶來許多麻煩。(SectionA, 4)名詞trouble在這里意為“麻煩，煩惱，困難”。I have some trouble in reading his handwriting. 我認(rèn)他的筆跡有點(diǎn)難。I am sorry to put you to so much trouble. 很抱歉這樣麻煩你。短語鏈接be in trouble “處于困境中”。He is in trouble. Lets help him
10、. 他現(xiàn)在處于困境中，我們幫幫他吧。5. If you answered c for most questions, then you are probably pretty confident.如果你大部分問題的答案都是c，那么你可能相當(dāng)自信。(SectionB,3a)(1) answer .for questions 意為“把問題回答成”。(2) probably 表示“很可能，或許”，語氣較強(qiáng)，是有幾分根據(jù)的推測或判斷，含有可能性較大的意味，常位于行為動(dòng)詞前，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或be動(dòng)詞后，有時(shí)也位于句首。He can probably tell us the truth. 他很可能會(huì)告訴
11、我們實(shí)情。(3) confident是形容詞，其名詞為confidence，常用句型：have confidence in sb. 表示“信任/信賴某人”。I have complete confidence in him. 我完全信任他。(4) pretty在這里作副詞用，相當(dāng)于very，可用來修飾形容詞或副詞，意為“相當(dāng)?shù)亍?，表示程度。如：pretty beautiful很美；pretty well相當(dāng)好。Im pretty sure he will come on time. 我很確信他會(huì)準(zhǔn)時(shí)來。The homework you did yesterday is pretty poor,
12、 youd better do it once more. 你昨天的作業(yè)做得相當(dāng)糟，你最好重做。6. You have plenty of friends and you enjoy the company of other people. 你有很多朋友，而且還喜歡同他人在一起。(SectionB,3a)plenty與of構(gòu)成固定詞組，意為“很多的”，“大量的”，既可以修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，也可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞?！皃lenty of+名詞”在句中作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)由plenty of后面的名詞的數(shù)決定。There are plenty of books on the desk. 桌上有許
13、多書。Dont worry. There is plenty of time. 別著急，時(shí)間很充裕。plenty還可用作名詞，意為“充足”，“大量”。Have you enough money for the ticket? 你買票的錢夠嗎？Yes, I have plenty. 夠，我的錢足夠了。7. Your friends would probably say that you are easy to get along with. 你的朋友或許說你很容易相處。(SectionB, 3a)get on/along with sb. 都可表示“與某人相處”，在with前可以加副詞，表示“相
14、處得如何”。如：當(dāng)表示“和某人相處融洽”時(shí)可用get on/along well with sb.The new comer can get along well with his workmates.特別提示get on/along with sth. 后面接事或物時(shí)，表示“（某事）進(jìn)展，進(jìn)行”之意。How are you getting on with your studies? 你的功課學(xué)得怎樣？Im getting along very well with my studies. 我功課學(xué)得很好。8. You like talking to one or two people rath
15、er than to a group. You would also rather stay at home and read a good book than go to a party. 你喜歡跟一兩個(gè)人說話,而不喜歡跟一群人說話。你寧愿呆在家里讀一本好書，而不愿去參加聚會(huì)。(SectionB,3a)第一個(gè)句子中的rather than相當(dāng)于instead of，有“代替；而不是”之意，連接兩個(gè)并列的句子成分：to one or two people 和to a group。又如：I think Ill have a cold drink rather than coffee. 我想要一杯
16、冷飲而不是咖啡。He ran rather than walked to school. 他跑步去上學(xué)而不是步行。第二個(gè)句子中would rather (not ) do sth. than do sth. 結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“寧愿（不）做而不愿做”。又如：The soldier would rather die than give in. 這個(gè)士兵寧死不屈。The shy girl would rather work at home than go to a party. 這個(gè)靦腆的女孩寧愿在家干活，也不愿去參加晚會(huì)。特別提示rather than還可以用在“prefer+動(dòng)詞不定式”的后面，后接另
17、一動(dòng)詞不定式（to要省略）。I prefer to read rather than do nothing. 我寧愿看書也不愿無所事事。魔力糾錯(cuò)我喜歡蘋果，而不喜歡梨。誤：I prefer apples to rather than pears.正：I prefer apples to pears.魔力解析“prefer+名詞/動(dòng)名詞+to+名詞/動(dòng)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)本身就含有比較之意，所以不能使用rather than短語。9. .but you always come up with good solutions to peoples problems 但是你總能想出好方法來解決人們的問題。(Se
18、ction B)come up with在本句中是“提出，想出”的意思，相當(dāng)于find or produce (an answer)。The teacher asked a difficult question, but finally Jim came up with a good answer. 老師提問了一個(gè)難題，但是最后吉姆想出了一個(gè)好方法。He couldnt come up with an answer when I asked him why he was late.當(dāng)我問他為什么遲到的時(shí)候，他想不出一個(gè)理由來。短語鏈接catch up with意為“趕上，追上”。We shal
19、l have to work hard to catch up with them. 我們要努力工作，趕上他們。10. It gives advice on what to do in lots of different situations. 它就不同情況下應(yīng)采取什么樣的措施提出了建議。(Reading)advice是不可數(shù)名詞，意思是“建議”。后面與介詞on連用，表示“某方面的建議”；表示“給某人提建議”，用短語give sb. advice 或give advice to sb.。Our teacher often gives us some useful advice on our s
20、tudy. 我們老師經(jīng)常給我們提出有關(guān)學(xué)習(xí)方面的一些有用的建議。11. His new book What Would You Do If.? came out last month. 他的新書如果你該怎么辦?上個(gè)月出版了。(Reading)本句中的come out意為“出版，發(fā)表”，其中out是副詞。When will Shui Mu Nian Huas new recording come out? 水木年華的新唱片什么時(shí)候發(fā)行？The new textbooks will come out at the end of this month. We need to wait. 新課本這個(gè)月
21、底就要出版了。我們需要等一等。come out還可以表示“出來”；“（花）開放”之意。The sun is coming out. 太陽就要出來了。The flowers begin to come out in spring. 春天花兒開始開放。六、語法：虛擬語氣1. 語氣就是我們常說的說話人說話的口氣。在漢語中，語氣是由說話人說話的語調(diào)、情節(jié)等等表現(xiàn)出來的，動(dòng)詞沒有任何變化。而在英語中，除了語調(diào)之外，最主要的是動(dòng)詞發(fā)生變化而表示不同的語氣。在英語中語氣分為三類：陳述語氣、祈使語氣、虛擬語氣。2. 虛擬語氣：如果我們所說的不是事實(shí)，也不是要求、命令、勸告等，而只是一種假設(shè)、愿望、建議或是一種
22、實(shí)現(xiàn)不了的空想就用虛擬語氣。3. 虛擬語氣常用在條件句中。注意：條件句分兩種，真實(shí)條件句和虛擬條件句。只有在虛擬（非真實(shí)）條件句中，才用虛擬語氣，而在真實(shí)條件句中，要用陳述語氣。請比較：（1）If it is sunny tomorrow , well go to the park. 如果明天天氣好，我們將會(huì)去公園。在這句話中，明天天氣好是完全有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的，并非虛擬、幻想，因此是真實(shí)條件句。在本句中，適用“主將從現(xiàn)”。（2）If I were you , I would go at once. 如果我是你的話，我立刻就走。在這句話中，條件句“如果我是你”，但事實(shí)上，我不可能成為你，這只是假設(shè)的
23、情況，沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能。當(dāng)條件實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性很小，甚至可以說沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性時(shí)，就需要用虛擬語氣來表示，動(dòng)詞發(fā)生了變化。4. 在這一單元中，我們只要求初步接觸虛擬語氣的用法及結(jié)構(gòu)，學(xué)習(xí)表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況下如何體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣。請看例句：If I were you , I would take a small present. 如果我是你的話，我就帶上一個(gè)小禮物。（注：在“If I were you”中，一定用were，而不能用was。）這句話中，If條件句與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反，“如果我是你的話?！笔聦?shí)上，我不可能成為你，也就根本沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能。請同學(xué)們注意主句與條件從句中動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的變化：從句（用過去
24、時(shí)）主句（用過去將來時(shí)）If 主語行為動(dòng)詞的過去式（be動(dòng)詞用were）主語should /would /could /might +動(dòng)詞原形又如：If I won a million dollars , Id give it to charities. 如果我贏了一百萬英鎊，我要捐給慈善機(jī)構(gòu)。（在此句中，If條件句中，動(dòng)詞用過去式won，主句則用should / would 加動(dòng)詞原形。現(xiàn)實(shí)情況是我沒贏一百萬；虛擬的情況是假如我贏了一百萬，這種虛擬是不可能變成現(xiàn)實(shí)的，因此用虛擬語氣。）5. 虛擬語氣的疑問式，除了動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)的變化外，其他變化與陳述語氣相同。如：（1）What would you
25、 do if you were in the lions cage ? 如果你在獅子籠里，你會(huì)怎么做？（疑問詞在句首，主句中助動(dòng)詞提前，從句跟在主句后面。）If I were in the lions cage , Id call for help. 如果我在獅子籠里，我會(huì)大呼救命。If I were in the lions cage . Id get out fast. 如果我在獅子籠里，我會(huì)迅速出來。（2）What would you do if you won the lottery ? 如果你贏得了彩票，你會(huì)做什么？Id give it to medical research. 我會(huì)
26、用于醫(yī)學(xué)研究。Or Id put it in the bank. 我會(huì)存到銀行。Or if I were a millionaire , I would buy a big house in the country. 如果我是百萬富翁，我就在鄉(xiāng)村買座大房子。虛擬語氣練兵用虛擬語氣完成下列句子。1. 如果我是一只小鳥，我會(huì)飛到月球上去。If I a bird, I to the moon.2. 要不是杰克想出這個(gè)好主意，我們就趕不上這班飛機(jī)了。If Jack the good idea, we this plane.3. 如果她和我們在一起，我們會(huì)更早完成任務(wù)。If she us, we the
27、 task earlier.4. 如果有人給我錢的話，我明天就去買輛車。If someone me money, I a car tomorrow.5. Ill travel around the world if I have a lot of money.（改為虛擬語氣的句子）I around the world if I a lot of money.答案：1. were; would fly 2. didnt come up with; wouldnt catch / would miss 3. were with; would finish 4. gave; would buy 5.
28、 would travel; had 小提示：對于初中學(xué)生來說，只要掌握表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣的用法，記住主句和從句謂語部分的結(jié)構(gòu)就可以了。中考聚焦考點(diǎn)1. 虛擬語氣Come and join us, Jimmy!Im sorry, but Im really busy now. If I time, I would certainly go.（2006河南）A. will haveB. have hadC. hadD. have【要點(diǎn)簡析】本題考查虛擬語氣的用法。表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，謂語動(dòng)詞表現(xiàn)形式是：主句用 would / should / could / might +動(dòng)
29、詞原形，從句用動(dòng)詞過去式（be的過去式一般用were）。選C?？键c(diǎn)2. “疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式” After the discussion, the students asked their teacher next. （2006四川成都）A. which to doB. what to doC. how to do Can you tell me when I should water the flowers?（改為簡單句）（2006上海）Can you tell me water the flowers?【要點(diǎn)簡析】“疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，要注意疑問詞的選擇。題中沒有提供幾件事去選擇，故
30、不能選which to do；do是及物動(dòng)詞，how to do 后需跟賓語，也不能選，故選B；題填寫：when to。 注意：只有當(dāng)主句主語或賓語與從句主語一致的復(fù)合句才能改為含有“疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”的簡單句?？键c(diǎn)3. get along / on (well) with sb.I find Tom easy to get along . So Id like him to come to my birthday party.（2006山西太原）A. toB. forC. with【要點(diǎn)簡析】 get along / on with “與相處”，選C。表示“與相處融洽”用短語get alo
31、ng / on well with考點(diǎn)4. come up withShe is planning on driving. Lets help her some good ideas.（2006四川資陽）A. come out B. come upC. catch up withD. come up with 【要點(diǎn)簡析】固定短語 come up with ( = think up / find / produce)表示“想出；提出（答案、主意、解決方法等）”。選D。 考點(diǎn)5. confidentWhen Andy nearly reached the end of the 10,000-me
32、ter race, he felt because all the other runners were far behind him.（2005山東臨沂）A. unhappy B. nervous C. confident D. unlucky【要點(diǎn)簡析】confident意為“自信的；有把握的”。根據(jù)語境選C?？键c(diǎn)6. if Lets go fishing if it this weekend.But nobody knows if it .（2006江蘇揚(yáng)州）A. is fine, will rain B. will be fine, rainsC. is fine, rains D. will be fine, will rain【要點(diǎn)簡析】if 是連詞，意為“如果；是否”。作“如果”講時(shí)，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來；作“是否”講時(shí)（相當(dāng)于whether），引導(dǎo)賓語從句，可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況選用不同時(shí)態(tài)。答句意為“沒有人知道是否會(huì)下雨”，所以從句應(yīng)用一般將來時(shí)。選A。 希望對大家有所幫助，多謝您的瀏覽！
英語：Unit 4 What would you do知識點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)(人教新目標(biāo)九年級)
