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1、單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,,第二級(jí),,第三級(jí),,第四級(jí),,第五級(jí),,,*,上講知識(shí)點(diǎn):,,一、金屬材料性能,,二、金屬晶體構(gòu)造,,,,,1,、晶體、晶體結(jié)構(gòu),,,2,、金屬結(jié)晶過(guò)程、過(guò)冷、過(guò)冷度、冷卻速度,,,3,、金屬同素異晶轉(zhuǎn)變,,,4,、合金基本組成物及二元合金相圖,,,本講內(nèi)容:鐵碳合金(,Fe-C Alloy,知識(shí)點(diǎn)),,一、鐵碳合金基本組織,,二、鐵,-,碳合金相圖,,三、鐵碳合金分類,,四、舉例分析不同成分鐵,-,碳合金結(jié)晶過(guò)程,,五、碳含量對(duì)鐵碳合金組織和性能影響,,六、鐵碳合金相圖應(yīng)用,,第二講:鐵碳合金,Fe-C Alloy,,一、鐵碳合金基本組
2、織,Basic Structure of,Fe-C Alloy,,1.,鐵素體,(,Ferrite,),:,(,0.008-0.02,),%C,,,碳溶解在,α- Fe,中形成的固溶體。,,特點(diǎn):塑性、韌性好,延伸率,δ=,(,45-50,),%,;,,,但強(qiáng)度和硬度低。,,應(yīng)用:工業(yè)用純鐵,,,組織:,100%,鐵素體(,F),,2.,奧氏體,(,Austenite,),:,(,0.77-2.08,),%C,,,碳溶解在,γ- Fe,中形成的固溶體。,,特點(diǎn):只在,723℃,以上存在,塑性好、硬度低。,,應(yīng)用:鋼的壓力加工就在奧氏體狀態(tài)下進(jìn)行。,,,3.,滲碳體,Cementite,,:,
3、(,Fe,3,C,),,6.67%C,,,Fe,與,C,形成的金屬化合物。,,特點(diǎn):硬度高,塑性差;在鋼中起骨架作用。,,注意:,條件許可時(shí),滲碳體會(huì)分解成鐵,+,石墨。,,,4.,機(jī)械混合物:珠光體,Pearlite,;,萊氏,Ledeburite,,,,珠光體(,P,):,室溫組織,,組成:鐵素體,+,滲碳體 (,F+Fe,3,C,),,性能:強(qiáng)度和硬度高;塑性較差,,,,萊氏體(,Le,):,高溫組織,,組成:奧氏體,+,滲碳體 (,A+Fe,3,C,),,,性能:強(qiáng)度和硬度高;塑性較差,,在室溫下,:因,A,,轉(zhuǎn)變,成(,P+ Fe,3,C,),,,萊氏體轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樽儜B(tài)萊氏體(,Le’,)
4、。,,二、鐵,-,碳合金相圖,Fe-C,,Equilibrium Diagram,,1.,特征點(diǎn):,,,A,、,C,、,D,、,E,、,G,、,P,、,S,和,Q,點(diǎn)含義;,,2,.,特性線:,,,ABCD,線,——,液相線,(,Liquidus,),,AHJECF,線,——,固相線,( Solidus),,,,ECF,線,(Eutectic Line),——,共晶線(,1147℃,),,,,,PSK,線,(Eutectoid Line),——,共析線(,727℃,),,,GS,線(,A,3,),——,奧氏體中開(kāi)始析出鐵素體線。,,,ES,線(,A,cm,),——,碳在,γ-,鐵中的溶解度線
5、。,,,,PQ,線,——,碳在,α-,鐵中的溶解度線。,,,3.,區(qū)域:兩相區(qū),,,液相,+,固相;固相,+,固相,,圖,1.,鐵,-,碳合金相圖,Liquid,Austenite,,三、鐵碳合金分類,Class of Fe-C Alloy,,,,1.,工業(yè)純鐵,(Pure Iron),:,C,<,0.02%,,,,2.,鋼,(Steel),:,0.02%,<,C,<,2.11%,,,注:以含碳,0.77%,為界,有亞共析和過(guò)共析鋼。,,,,,3.,生鐵,(Cast Iron),:,2.11%,<,C,<,6.69%,,,注:以碳,4.30%,為界,分亞共晶和過(guò)共晶鐵。,,,四、舉例分析不同成
6、分鐵,-,碳合金結(jié)晶過(guò)程,,分析五種成分的鐵,-,碳合金,從冷卻、結(jié)晶和直到室溫的組織形成過(guò)程:,,Ⅰ,:亞共析鋼,L A F + P,,Ⅱ,:共析鋼,L A P,,Ⅲ,:過(guò)共析鋼,L A Fe,3,C + P,,,Ⅳ,:亞共晶生鐵,L A + Le P + Le’,,Ⅴ,:共晶生鐵,L Le Le’,,Ⅵ,:過(guò)共晶生鐵,L Fe,3,C+Le Fe,3,C + Le’,,,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅴ,圖,2,分析,Ⅰ,、,Ⅱ,、,Ⅲ,、,Ⅳ,、,Ⅴ,六個(gè)成分冷卻、結(jié)晶過(guò)程,
7、Ⅵ,,圖,3,共析鋼組織轉(zhuǎn)變示意圖,Eutectoid transformation,,,共析鋼金相組織圖,Eutectoid transformation,,,圖,4,亞共析鋼組織轉(zhuǎn)變示意圖,Sub-eutectoid,,亞共析鋼金相組織圖,Sub-eutectoid,,圖,5,過(guò)共析鋼組織轉(zhuǎn)變示意圖,Over-eutectoid,,過(guò)共析鋼組織金相圖,Over-eutectoid,,圖,6,共晶成分組織轉(zhuǎn)變示意圖,Eutectic transformation,,,圖,7,亞共晶成分組織轉(zhuǎn)變示意圖,,Sub- Eutectic transformation,,圖,8,過(guò)共晶成分組織轉(zhuǎn)變示意
8、圖,,Sub- Eutectic transformation,,六、碳對(duì)鐵碳合金組織和性能影響,,,1.,組織變化:,,隨碳含量增加,滲碳體(,Fe,3,C,),量增多,基體由鐵素體(,F,),變成珠光體(,P,)、,繼而又轉(zhuǎn)變成萊氏體(,Le,);,形態(tài)也由片狀變成網(wǎng)狀。,,,,,2.,性能變化:,,小于,1.0%,時(shí),隨碳含量增加,強(qiáng)度和硬度提高,韌性和塑性降低;大于,1.0%,時(shí),網(wǎng)狀滲碳體出現(xiàn),硬度雖增大,但強(qiáng)度下降。所以高碳鋼適于制造模具和工具。工業(yè)用鋼碳小于,1.4%,。,,,鋼的性能隨碳含量的變化變化,:,,七、鐵碳合金相圖應(yīng)用,Application of Fe-C Equi
9、librium Diagram,,,1.,在鑄造中應(yīng)用,:,Application in Foundry,,(,1,),確定鋼和鑄鐵澆注溫度;,,(,2,)判斷其流動(dòng)性好壞和收縮大小。,,,2.,在鍛造中應(yīng)用:,Application in Forging,,,確保鋼在奧氏體區(qū)域內(nèi)變形。,,,,,3.,在熱處理中應(yīng)用,:,Application in Heat treatment,,,制定熱處理工藝依據(jù)。,,,鐵碳合金,總結(jié),,,一、鐵,-,碳合金相圖,,會(huì)分析各種不同成分鐵,-,碳合金的結(jié)晶過(guò)程,,二、碳含量對(duì)鐵碳合金組織和性能影響,,,三、鐵碳合金相圖應(yīng)用,,Questions:,,St
10、ate the difference between steel and cast iron!,,State how the carbon content influences the strength and ductility of steel !,,Describe the cooling process of typical ferrous alloys !,,,詞匯,,二元合金相圖 :,,,Equilibrium Diagram of Binary Alloy,,鐵碳合金:,Fe-C Alloy,,鐵碳合金基本組織:,,,Basic Structure of Fe-C Alloy,
11、,鐵素體:,Ferrite,,奧氏體:,Austenite,,滲碳體:,Cementite,,,珠光體:,Pearlite,,,萊氏體:,Ledeburite,,鐵,-,碳合金相圖:,Fe-C,,Equilibrium Diagram,,液相線:,Liquidus,,固相線:,Solidus,,共晶線:,Eutectic Line,,共析線:,Eutectoid Line,,鐵碳合金分類:,Class of Fe-C Alloy,,工業(yè)純鐵:,Pure Iron,,,,,共析轉(zhuǎn)變:,Eutectoid Transformation,,亞共析轉(zhuǎn)變:,Sub-Eutectoid Transform,,過(guò)共析轉(zhuǎn)變:,Over-Eutectoid Transformation,,共晶轉(zhuǎn)變:,Eutectic Transformation,,亞共晶轉(zhuǎn)變:,Sub- Eutectic Transformation,,鋼:,Steel,,生鐵:,Cast Iron,,,鐵碳合金相圖應(yīng)用:,,Application of Fe-C Equilibrium Diagram,,在鑄造中應(yīng)用:,Application in Foundry,,在鍛造中應(yīng)用:,Application in Forging,,在熱處理中應(yīng)用:,Application in Heat treatment,,