句型結(jié)構(gòu)和句子種類

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1、句型結(jié)構(gòu)和句子種類 句型結(jié)構(gòu)和句子種類 根據(jù)使用目的：陳述句、疑問句、祈使 句、感嘆句 根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)：簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句 The Five Simple Sentence Structures 陳述句 1. S+V 2. S+V+O 3. S+V+O1+O2 4. S+V+O+Oc 5. S+V+P 1. S+V 主語(yǔ) +謂語(yǔ) e.g. 1. I came at 7:30 a.m. 2. He left early in the morning. 2. S+V+O 主語(yǔ) +謂語(yǔ) +賓語(yǔ) e.g. 1. I am learning English now 2. Do you like readi

2、ng? 3. He decided to go with us. 4. You said you were born in Shanghai. 3. S+V+O1+O2 主語(yǔ) +謂語(yǔ) +雙賓語(yǔ) e.g. 1. Ill show you my new CD. 2. (you) Tell me the truth 3. Mom bought me a bag. 4. Can you do me a favor ? 4. S+V+O+Oc 主語(yǔ) +謂語(yǔ) +賓語(yǔ) +賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) e.g. 1. I saw him come in. 2. She asked me to come. 3. What bro

3、ught you here ? 4. We call him Jim. 5. S+V+P 主語(yǔ) +系動(dòng)詞 +表語(yǔ) e.g. 1. I am feeling terrible. 2. Are you a college boy? 3. It sounds interesting. 4. He was not home yesterday. Tell the Structure of Each of the Following Sentences: 指出以下各句的句型： 1. Where are you from? 2. Who did that? 3. Let him in, please. 4

4、. Father made me lots of toys. 5. She made me very angry. 6. He promised to come for the party. 7. George W. Bush was made president not long ago. 8. -Do you mind if I smoke? -Do you care if I die? 9. Do you mind me smoking? Do you mind my smoking? 10. You look well today. 1. 祈使句的否定： 句首加 dont Dont b

5、e late again. 2. Have 的否定： 表示有： dont have/havent; 作為完成式里的助動(dòng)詞： havent 3. 否定轉(zhuǎn)移： think/suppose/imagine/believe/expect/guess 等 動(dòng)詞所接的賓語(yǔ)從句中，從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的 否定應(yīng)前移到這些動(dòng)詞之前 I dont believe what he said is true. 否定式陳述句 4. Be no 在帶引導(dǎo)詞 there的句子中表示“不可 能 無(wú)法 ” Theres no knowing what may happen. Theres no denying/ doubt tha

6、t 5. None作副詞時(shí)，常與 the 加比較級(jí)連用，或 與 too, so 連用，表示“一點(diǎn)也不” He is none the better for our help. I am none so fond of watching TV. 否定式陳述句 6. 部分否定與全部否定 在英語(yǔ)中，把表示整體概念的不定代詞 all /both /every /everybody /everything /everywhere, 副 詞 always 與否定副詞 not 搭配時(shí)表示的是 部 分否定 。而用 no/ neither/ none/ nobody/ nothing/ never等詞表示 全部

7、否定 。 Not all the students handed in their papers. None of the students handed in their papers. Not both of them/ Neither of them want to go. 否定式陳述句 7. 雙重否定 在一個(gè)單句或從句中有兩個(gè)否定的詞語(yǔ)稱為雙 重否定。表達(dá)肯定意義，起到加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣的作 用。 Impossible is nothing. We can not sit by and do nothing. There is no one but has a few faults. 否定式陳述

8、句 8.具有否定意義的肯定結(jié)構(gòu) She missed my point. One year the rains failed to come. Such a problem is above/beyond me. It is anything but bad. It is far from satisfactory. 否定式陳述句 一般疑問句 ： Arent you free tonight? Yes, I am. (不， 我有空。 ) No, I am not. (是的， 我沒有空。 ) 特殊疑問句 :wh- +do you think (believe/imagine/suppose) +

9、 其它部分 Who do you think come to see me? 選擇疑問句 ： Which subject do you like best, maths or English? 反意疑問句 ： The twins cant swim, can they? 疑問句 反意疑問句 (1) 構(gòu)成 A. to be He isnt here, is he? They were at the match, werent they? B. to have/has You have a son, havent you? You have a son, dont you? He often ha

10、s colds, doesnt he? C. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 You cant read this, can you? She should have a rest, shouldnt she? He must be waiting for us, isnt he? D. 助動(dòng)詞 Youll be here, wont you? She has finished her work, hasnt she? You didnt order the cheese, did you? E. 實(shí)意動(dòng)詞 (簡(jiǎn)略疑問句由助動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成 ) She gets up early in the morning, doesn

11、t she? We need some salad, dont we? They went to Beijing last year, didnt they? F.特殊情況 Lets go to the cinema, shall we? Let us know whats happened, will you? 祈使句的反意疑問句用 will you, could you, can you , cant you 表示告訴人們?cè)撟鍪裁矗?用 wont you 表示邀請(qǐng)。 have a dinner with us, wont you? F.特殊情況 當(dāng)稱述句的主語(yǔ)為 nobody/none/n

12、o one/ anybody/everybody/everyone等表示不定代詞 或指人的 all/ these/those, 反意疑問句常用 they 做主語(yǔ)。 None of his friends are interested, are they? Everyone knows the answer, dont they? * None of his friends is interested, is he? 當(dāng)稱述句的主語(yǔ)為 nothing/anything/everything 等表示不定代詞或非指人的 all/ this/that, 反意 疑問句常用 it做主語(yǔ)。 Everythi

13、ng is all right, isnt it? F.特殊情況 當(dāng)稱述句的主語(yǔ)為 this/ that 其反意部分用 it； 如果是 these, those 其反意部分用 they. This remains a question, doesnt it? Those who break the law deserve punishing, dont they? 當(dāng)陳述部分是 there be 句型， 反意部分仍用 there be。 There is nothing wrong with the clock, is there? F.特殊情況 I dont think he can fin

14、ish the work, can he? 稱述部分是復(fù)合句時(shí)，反意疑問句的主語(yǔ)與主 句保持一致，但當(dāng)稱述句是第一人稱 I (think/consider/suppose/believe/ imagine)等接 的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，反意疑問句的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)與從句 保持一致。 He was not in when I rang you up, was he? 陳述部分是并列句，反意疑問句通常與最臨 近的分句保持一致。 He is a teacher, but his wife is an engineer, isnt she? F.特殊情況 He has few good reasons for stayi

15、ng, has he? 若陳述部分中含有 no, none, neither, nobody, nothing, few, little, hardly, scarcely, rarely, seldom等表示否定的詞， 該部分被視為 否定，反意疑問句應(yīng)為肯定句。 He dislike candy, doesnt he? 若陳述部分的否定詞帶有否定前綴，該陳 述句部分做肯定句處理，反意疑問句仍 用否定式。 F.特殊情況 稱述句部分為不定式、動(dòng)名詞或句子，反意 疑問句一律用 it 做主語(yǔ)。 What he lacks is courage, isnt it? To get rid of a ba

16、d habit is not easy, isnt it Im the next, arent I? He used to get up early, didnt he/ usednt he? I wish to go home now, may I？ He ought to know what to do, oughtnt he/ shouldnt he? F.特殊情況 Youd better read it by yourself, hadnt you? Youd like to go with me, wouldnt you? What colours, arent they? Neit

17、her you nor I am engineer, are we? neither nor, either or 連接并列主語(yǔ) 時(shí)，反意部分根據(jù)實(shí)際邏輯意義而定。 練習(xí) There was a loud scream from the backstage immediately after the concert ended, _? A. wasnt there B. was there C didnt it D. did it Mrs. Black doesnt believe her son is able to design a digital camera, _? (SH02) A.

18、 is he B. isnt he C. doesnt she D. does she Bills aim is to inform the viewers that cigarette advertising on TV is illegal, _? (SH04) A. isnt it B. is it C. isnt he D. is he 練習(xí) There is no light in the dormitory. They must have gone to the lecture, _?(SH04S) A. didnt they B. dont they C mustnt they

19、D. havent they I dont suppose anyone will volunteer, _? (SH01) A. do I B. dont I C. will they D. wont he You had one of your teeth pulled out yesterday, _? (SH00S) A. had you B. hadnt you C. did you D. didnt you 練習(xí) - It was careless of you to have left your clothes outside all night. -My God! _.(SH9

20、9) A. So did I B. So I did C So were you D. So did you Tommy caught the school bus, _. (SH98) A. and Jane did neither B. but so did Jane C. and Jane didnt either D. but Jane didnt If I know the answer, I wouldnt be asking, _? (SH96) A. didnt I B. did I C. would I D. wouldnt I 感嘆句 表示喜怒哀樂等強(qiáng)烈感情或情緒的句子 稱

21、為感嘆句，常用 what和 how 來引導(dǎo)。 What 用來修飾名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)； how 則 用來修飾形容詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞。 感嘆句 what 1. What + a/an + adj. + n. (single) +S +V What a tall building (it is)! 2. What + adj. + n. (pl.) +S +V What interesting stories (they are)! 3. What + adj. + n. (U) +S +V What good advice he gave us! 感嘆句 how 1. How + adj. +S +V How diligent the student is! 2. How + adj. +S +V How fast he runs! 3. How 修飾動(dòng)詞，該結(jié)構(gòu)中省略了副詞。 How time flies! How they worked! 2. How + much/many +n. + S +V How many letters he has received.