（江蘇專用）2020高考英語二輪復習 專題限時檢測（二十一）閱讀理解C篇專練（二）

《（江蘇專用）2020高考英語二輪復習 專題限時檢測（二十一）閱讀理解C篇專練（二）》由會員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關《（江蘇專用）2020高考英語二輪復習 專題限時檢測（二十一）閱讀理解C篇專練（二）（8頁珍藏版）》請在裝配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、專題限時檢測(二十一)　閱讀理解C篇專練(二) (共3篇，限時24分鐘) A (2019南京、鹽城二模)Listen carefully to the footsteps in the family home, especially if it has wooden floors, and you can probably work out who it is that is walking about.The features most commonly used to identify people are faces, voices, finger prints and retin

2、al scans.But their “behavioural biometrics”， such as the way they walk, are also giveaways. Researchers have, for several years, used video cameras and computers to analyse peoples gaits, and are now quite good at it.But translating such knowledge into a practical identification system can be trick

3、y — especially if that system is supposed to be hidden.Cameras are often visible, are hard to set up, require good lighting and may have their view blocked by other people.So a team led by Krikor Ozanyan of the University of Manchester, in England and Patricia Scully of the National University of Ir

4、eland, in Galway have been looking for a better way to recognise gait.Their answer: pressuresensitive mats. In themselves, such mats are nothing new.They have been part of security systems for donkeys years.But Dr Ozanyan and Dr Scully use a complex version that can record the amount of pressure ap

5、plied in different places as someone walks across it.These measurements form a pattern unique to the walker.Dr Ozanyan and Dr Scully therefore turned, as is now common for anything to do with pattern recognition, to an Artificial Intelligence system that uses machine learning to recognise such patte

6、rns. It seems to work.In a study published earlier this year the two researchers tested their system on a database of footsteps trodden by 127 different people.They found that its error rate in identifying who was who was a mere 0.7%.And Dr Scully says that even without a database of footsteps to w

7、ork with the system can determine someones sex — women and men, with wide and narrow pelvises (骨盆) respectively, walk in different ways — and guess, with reasonable accuracy, a subjects age. A matbased gaitrecognition system has the advantage that it would work in any lighting conditions — even pit

8、chdarkness.And though it might fail to identify someone if, say, she was wearing stilettos and had been entered into the database while wearing trainers, it would be very hard to fool it by imitating the gait of an individual who was allowed admission to a particular place. The latest phase of Dr O

9、zanyans and Dr Scullys project is a redesign of the mat.The old mats contained individual pressure sensors.The new ones contain optical fibres(光纖)．Lightemitting diodes (二極管) distributed along two neighbouring edges of a mat transmit light into the fibres.Sensors on the opposite edges (and thus the o

10、pposite ends of the optical fibres) measure how much of that light is received.Any pressure applied to part of the mat causes a distortion (變形) in the fibres and a consequent change in the amount of light transmitted.Both the location and amount of change can be plotted and analyzed by the machinele

11、arning system. Dr.Ozanyan says that the team have built a demonstration fibreoptic mat, two meters long and a metre wide, using materials that cost ￡100(＄130)．They are now talking to companies about commercializing it.One application might be in health care, particularly for the elderly.A fibreopti

12、c mat installed in a nursing home or an old persons own residence could monitor changes in an individuals gait that warn certain illnesses.That would provide early warning of someone being at greater risk of falling over, say, or of their cognition becoming damaged. Gait analysis might also be used

13、 as a security measure in the workplace, monitoring access to restricted areas, such as parts of military bases, server farms or laboratories dealing with harmful materials.In these cases, employees would need to agree to their gaits being scanned, just as they would agree to the scanning of their f

14、aces or retinas for optical security systems. Perhaps the most fascinating use of gaitrecognition mats, though, would be in public places, such as airports.For that to work, the footsteps of those to be recognised would need to have been stored in a database, which would be harder to arrange than t

15、he collection of mugshots and fingerprints that existing airport security systems rely on.Some people, however, might volunteer for it.Many aircrew or preregistered frequent flyers would welcome anything that speeded up one of the most tiresome parts of modern travel. 語篇解讀：本文主要介紹了一種新的識別方法：步態(tài)識別。 1．

16、Camerabased gait recognition fails to come into wide use, because ________. a．its not easy to find the cameras b．finger print recognition is still popular c．sometimes the cameras can be covered d．its a waste of money to fix the equipment e．good lighting conditions cant be guaranteed f．its diff

17、icult to set up the system A．a、c、f　　　　　　 B．b、d、e C．c、d、f D．c、e、f 解析：選D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的一開始的三句話可知，雖然人們已經(jīng)很擅長利用攝像機和計算機來分析人們的步態(tài)，但是將這些知識轉化為實際的識別系統(tǒng)可能很難。主要有這樣幾個原因：cameras are hard to set up, require good lighting, may have their view blocked by other people。 2．Which of the following statements is TRUE acc

18、ording to Paragraphs 6－8? A．The new mats function greatly with individual pressure sensors built in. B．The new mats will be likely to work better with enough pressure. C．The elderly are cured of their diseases with the monitor of the fibreoptic. D．Restricted areas are accessible to those with th

19、eir gaits scanned beforehand. 解析：選D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第八段第二句“In these cases, employees would need to agree to their gaits being scanned, ...”可知在這些場合，員工(的步態(tài))需要和(之前)掃描過的步態(tài)一致。即：事先掃描過步態(tài)的人可以進入禁區(qū)。 3．What does “it” refer to in Paragraph 5? A．The matbased gaitrecognition system. B．The gait stored in the database.

20、 C．The advantage of working in any light condition. D．The admission to a particular place. 解析：選A　代詞指代題。閱讀第五段的內容可知這個“it”是表示指代的，代替上文中所提到過的名詞短語“A matbased gaitrecognition system”。 4．Whats the best title of the passage? A．Listen to your footsteps B．Applaud pattern recognition C．Love the way you w

21、alk D．Better the mats you step on 解析：選C　標題歸納題。本文主要介紹了一種新的安全識別方法：步態(tài)識別。這種識別方法可以用在公共場所，而且比傳統(tǒng)的指紋識別方法速度更快，受到人們的歡迎。所以你走路的姿態(tài)將來可以成為識別你的一種方法，所以要珍惜、愛你自己的步態(tài)。用“Love the way you walk”作為標題，能夠表達文章的主題。 B (2019蘇、錫、常、鎮(zhèn)二模)Alarming headlines suggest one in four teenage girls in the UK are selfharming, motivated by

22、sex discrimination and pressures to look good in a selfie (自拍) society.These stories come from a report by UK charity The Childrens Society, based on an ongoing survey of 11,000 children aged 14.Among the girls, 22 per cent said they had selfharmed while boys 9 per cent. But while the term selfharm

23、 improves images of teenagers cutting themselves, that may, thankfully, be only the most extreme end of a broader range.In this survey, participants were merely asked if they had “hurt themselves on purpose in any way”． Some could have answered yes for things like punching (擊拳) a wall in dissatisfa

24、ction or deliberately getting fallingdown drunk.Others could have thought the question included mental hurt.Such selfdestructive behaviour would naturally be of concern to parents, but wouldnt be that unusual for teenagers.Max Davie, a health promotion officer, does believe that selfharm among teens

25、 is somewhat on the rise — but thinks the question in this survey was not specific enough to reveal its real universality. The latest headlines join an ongoing account about a mental health crisis in todays youth.Some blame cutbacks in social services, while others point to a loosening of sexual st

26、andards putting teens at risk.For those cautious of new technologies, it is social media or the latest popular computer games. But such reports also deserve some skepticism.Claims of high rates of depression are usually based on surveys with very loose, nonmedical criteria.Thankfully, clinical depr

27、ession is still rare in this age group. In fact, a different and regularly repeated survey has found no change in 11to15yearolds happiness with life as a whole between 1995 and 2016.Nor did their satisfaction with their appearance change, which makes it strange to blame the selfie culture for the a

28、pparent selfharm increase.This survey, called Understanding Society, even found improvement in happiness with family and schoolwork over that period.These more optimistic findings were also in the latest Childrens Society report but were buried at the bottom of their press release. Davie thinks the

29、 rise in selfharm may not be due to a rise in unhappiness, but simply that this age group now sees selfharm as a more culturally acceptable way to express extreme sufferings.“It may be that previously people didnt know that this was something you could do.If people are talking about something and no

30、rmalizing it, its probably more likely that their peers will do it.” If that is the case, it is all the more reason not to make selfharm seem more common than it really is. 語篇解讀：本文主要談論了青少年自殘這種社會現(xiàn)象。 5．In response to the survey reported by The Childrens Society, the author believes ________. A．the

31、 survey is unscientific as it asked very specific questions B．the selfdestructive behavior for teens is worrying to parents C．the number of selfharming teens is alarming because of selfies D．the images of teens selfharm are becoming more specific 解析：選B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三句“Such selfdestructive behavio

32、ur would naturally be of concern to parents, but wouldnt be that unusual for teenagers.”可知，這種自我毀滅性的行為自然會引起父母的關注，但對于青少年來說也不算罕見。 6．What does Max Davie think of selfharm among teenagers? A．The situation is too worrying. B．The rise is somewhat beneficial. C．The problem is actually widespread. D．The

33、 phenomenon is not so universal. 解析：選D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Max Davie, a health promotion officer ... reveal its real universality.”可知，克斯戴維斯(Max Davie)確實認為青少年的自我傷害有所上升，但認為本次調查中的問題不夠具體，無法揭示其真正的普遍性。 7．What can we know from the survey called Understanding Society? A．Teenagers in the past lived a happier

34、life. B．Selfie culture is responsible for the increase of selfharm. C．There is no connection between selfharm and selfie. D．With selfie teenagers are more satisfied with their appearance. 解析：選C　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段的內容，特別是第二句“Nor did their satisfaction with their appearance change, which makes it strange

35、to blame the selfie culture for the apparent selfharm increase.”可知，從1995年到2016年，青少年的幸福感整體并沒有太大變化，他們對自己外貌的滿意度也沒有發(fā)生變化，所以說把自殘這一現(xiàn)象的增長歸因到自拍文化是很奇怪的。 8．The last two paragraphs mainly imply that ________. A．selfharm results from too much pressure B．selfharm is the result of social development C．teens ne

36、ed correct guidance from the outside D．teens should avoid following peers examples 解析：選C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后兩段的內容，尤其是倒數(shù)第二段第一句“Davie thinks the rise in selfharm ... as a more culturally acceptable way to express extreme sufferings.”可知，戴維認為，自殘情緒的上升可能不是因為不快樂情緒的上升，而是因為這個年齡段的人現(xiàn)在把自殘看作是一種在文化上可以接受的表達極度痛苦的方式。而青少年的這

37、種理解是不正確的，所以需要外界正確的引導。 C (2019南京三模)Babies have an astonishing talent that adults entirely lose.By the age of one, they can recognise the significant noises around them and group them into a language.When we have lost this capacity as adults, it becomes enormously difficult to distinguish between so

38、unds that are glaringly different to a native speaker.It all sounds Greek to us.This is because the range of possible sounds that humans use to convey meaning may be as high as 2,000, but few languages use more than 100 and even then the significant noises — the phonemes (音素) of a language — each co

39、ver a range of sounds and so vague distinctions which would change the meaning of a word in other languages. But where do these phonemes come from and why do they shift over time? New research suggests that the apparently arbitrary distribution of some sounds around the world may be partially expla

40、ined by diet.This is unexpected.Wed rather think of language as the product of our thought, rather than of the arrangement of our teeth.In reality, though, any given language must be both. Hunter gatherer languages very seldom use the sounds known as labiodentals (唇齒音) — those such as f and v — tha

41、t are made by touching the lower lip with the upper teeth.Only two of the hundreds of Australian aboriginal languages use them, for example.But in cultures that have discovered farming, these consonants (輔音) are much more common.The argument goes that farmers eat more cooked food and more dairy than

42、 hunter gatherers.Either way, they need to chew mush less, and to bite less with their front teeth.So farmers grew up with smaller lower jaws and more of an overbite than their ancestors who had to bite through harder foods.It became easier for them to make the labiodental consonants instead of pure

43、ly labial (唇音) ones: one example is that f came to take the place of p．Romans said “pater” but English speakers (unless theyre Rees Moggs) say “father”． Beyond these particular changes, the story highlights the way in which everything distinctively human is both material and spiritual: speech must

44、combine sound and meaning, and the meaning cant exist or be transmitted without a real object.But neither can it be reduced to the purely physical, as our inability to understand or even to recognise foreign languages makes clear.The food we eat shapes our jaws, and our jaws in turn shape the sounds

45、 of our language.The ease with which we eat probably shapes our thought too, as anyone who has suffered toothache could testify.What we eat may have shaped the sounds of our language, but how we eat changes how we feel and what we use language to express.A family meal is very different from a sandwi

46、ch at the office desk, even if the calorie is the same.Food has purposes and meanings far beyond keeping us alive and pleasing the palate (味覺)． 語篇解讀：本文重點闡述了日常飲食和思維，語言發(fā)展之間的關系。 9．Compared with adults, babies could more easily ________. A．create significant noises B．classify the forms of noises C．

47、understand the Greek language D．distinguish meaningful sounds 解析：選D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的內容特別是第一句和第二句可知，嬰兒有著成年人完全失去了的驚人的天賦，到了一歲的時候，他們就可以識別周圍的明顯噪音，并把它們分成一種語言。所以說與成人相比，嬰兒更容易辨別有意義的聲音。 10．According to the passage, which of the following factors help shape language? A．Lips and teeth.　　 B．Jobs and habits. C．A

48、ge and regions. D．Food and thinking. 解析：選D　推理判斷題。第二段的最后兩句“Wed rather think of language as the product of our thought, rather than of the arrangement of our teeth.In reality, though, any given language must be both.”意思是：我們寧愿把語言看作是我們思想的產物，而不是我們牙齒的排列。然而，實際上，任何給定的語言都必須是兩者。所以說食物和思維有助于塑造語言。 11．The reas

49、on for farmers making sounds of “f” and “v” is ________. A．enjoying more cooked foods B．biting more with front teeth C．constantly chewing harder foods D．growing up with lager lower jaws 解析：選A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的第三、四兩句“But in cultures that have discovered farming, these consonants (輔音) are much more co

50、mmon.The argument goes that farmers eat more cooked food and more dairy than hunter gatherers.”可知，在發(fā)現(xiàn)了農業(yè)的文化中，(“f”和“v”)這些輔音更為常見，這是因為農民比狩獵采集者吃更多的熟食和奶制品。 12．By writing this passage, the author intends to reveal ________. A．jaws help shape our thought B．food determines our thought C．diet has some influence on language D．language consists of sound and meaning 解析：選C　推理判斷題。通讀全文，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)主要是日常飲食、思維和語言發(fā)展之間的關系。因此作者寫這篇文章的目的是為了揭示飲食對語言的影響。 8