牛津譯林版英語八年級上冊《比較級與最高級》語法專講

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1、 比擬級與最高級語法專講 形容詞分為三種等級:原級,比擬級與最高級。 一、形容詞的原級及用法 ◆形容詞的原級(形容詞本來面目不作變化) 1.表示沒有進(jìn)行比擬或進(jìn)行同級比擬 2.可以修飾原級的詞: very quite enough(“足夠〞,用在形容詞后) so pretty too how rather(相當(dāng)) (not) as…as (“(不)像…一樣〞,同級比擬) not so…as (“不像…一樣〞,同級比擬) e.g. How happy we are! 我們多么快樂??！ T

2、his ruler is as long as that one. 這把尺子和那把一樣長。(變否認(rèn)句) This ruler is not as/so long as that one. 二、形容詞比擬級最高級變化規(guī)那么 ①單音節(jié)詞比擬級在詞尾加er,最高級加est cold —colder —coldest tall —taller —tallest high —higher —highest long —longer —longest ②以字母e結(jié)尾的詞只加r或st nice —nicer —nicest

3、 late —later —latest fine —finer —finest ③重讀閉音節(jié)雙寫輔音字母再加er或est big —bigger —biggest hot —hotter —hottest wet — wetter —wettest thin —thinner —thinnest red—redder —reddest fat —fatter —fattest sad —sadder —saddest ④以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞把y變i再加er或est easy — easier — eas

4、iest early — earlier — earliest funny — funnier — funniest happy — happier — happiest heavy— heavier — heaviest dirty — dirtier — dirtiest ⑤多音節(jié)詞、局部雙音節(jié)詞(特別是ful結(jié)尾及v.+ed/ing構(gòu)成的形容詞)及個別單音節(jié)詞(fun)在前面加more或most interesting important difficult excitied tired careful popular

5、 expensive boring fun ⑥不規(guī)那么變化 little — less — least good / well — better — best bad / ill / badly —— worse —— worst many / much —— more —— most old —— older —— oldest (年齡大的,與than連用) old — elder — eldest(“年長的〞,只作定語不與than連用) far —— farther —— farthest (距離遠(yuǎn)) far

6、 —— further —— furthest (除距離外,還指程度上更進(jìn)一步的) ◆副詞比擬級和最高級的變化規(guī)那么大致與此相同 三、比擬級用法 1.表示兩者之間進(jìn)行比擬,“更…〞 2.可以修飾比擬級的詞: much = a lot (…得多) a little = a bit (…一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)) even (甚至) far (遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)…) any (絲毫,稍微, 用于否認(rèn)和疑問句中) 3.比擬級標(biāo)志: than or 4.形容詞比擬級句式: ①A + be + 形容詞的比擬級 + than + B.

7、 (A比B…) ②Which/Who +be +形容詞比擬級, A or B? (哪個/誰更…, A 還是B？) 練習(xí)寫出以下句子 凱特很瘦。 凱特和瑪麗誰更瘦？ 瑪麗比凱特更瘦。 瑪麗比凱特更瘦嗎？是的,她是。 這個書包和這個箱子不一樣沉。 這個書包和這個箱子哪個更沉？ 這個箱子比書包更沉。 5.副詞比擬級句式:①A＋實(shí)義動詞＋副詞的比擬級＋than B. (A…得比B…) ②Which/Who +實(shí)義動詞三單, A or B? (哪個/誰…得更…, A還是B？)

8、練習(xí)寫出以下句子 自行車和轎車哪個走得快？ 轎車比自行車走得快。 這只羊和這只狗跑得不一樣快。 這只羊比狗跑得快嗎？ 吉姆比湯姆上床睡覺早。 (上句同義句) ___________________________________________ 6.比擬級特殊用法: ①the +比擬級+of the two… —— “兩者中較…的〞 他是兩個男孩中較高的。He’s the taller of the two boys. ②“比擬級+and+比擬級〞或“more and more +多音節(jié)詞〞 —— “越來越…〞 他越來越高。 He’s taller

9、and taller. 英語越來越重要 English is more and more important. ③The+比擬級…, the+比擬級… —— “越…, 越…〞 你越快樂就越美麗。The happier you are, the more beautiful you are. ④not +比擬級+than… —— “不如…, 不比…〞 no +比擬級+than… —— “一樣都不…〞 You are not taller than me. 你不比我高。 You are no taller than me. 你和我一樣都不高。

10、 ⑤比擬級+than any other +sig.+in+同一范圍 —— “比同一范圍中其他任何一個更…〞 比擬級+than any +sig.+in+非同一范圍 ——“比非同一范圍中任何一個更…〞 She’s nicer than any other girl in her class.她比班里其他任何一個女孩都漂亮。 (主語本身就在比擬范圍之中,因此是在同一范圍就主語與其他任何一個比擬) She’s nicer than any girl in her sister’s class. 她比她妹妹班里任何一個女孩都漂亮。 (主語不在該較范圍之中,因此主語可以

11、與該范圍內(nèi)任何一個作比擬) ◆該用法雖然出現(xiàn)了in所引導(dǎo)的比擬范圍但是仍要用比擬級,此成為用比擬級表示最高級,實(shí)質(zhì)是最高級。 四、最高級用法 1.表示三者或三者以上的比擬,“最…〞 2.形容詞最高級前必須加the,副詞前的the可以省略。 3.最高級標(biāo)志:in of or 4.句式:①the + 最高級 +(n.) + in +比擬范圍 我是我們班最聰明的。I’m the cleverest in our class. ②the + 最高級 +(n.) + of +同類事物 這本書是所有書中最有趣的。The

12、book is the most interesting of all the books. ③Which/Who +v.(單數(shù)) +最高級, A, B or C? Jay, Will和JJ誰最收歡送？ Who is the most popular, Jay, Will or JJ? 五、例題解析與難點(diǎn)攻克 ◆主語為人時than后面的比擬對象假設(shè)用代詞用主格還是賓格？ 請判斷正誤: 1. She looks nicer than I do. ( ) She looks nicer than

13、I. ( ) She looks nicer than me. ( ) Notes:than可以作連詞其后跟省略句,該省略句構(gòu)成為(主格+助動詞/be/情態(tài)動詞),而謂語局部可省略; than還可以作介詞在口語中跟人稱代詞賓格 ◆主語為物時的比擬對象的一致性問題 2.Her hair is longer than her mother. ( ) Her hair is longer than her mother’s. ( ) 3.My bag is bigg

14、er than you. ( ) My bag is bigger than your. ( ) My bag is bigger than your bag. ( ) My bag is bigger than yours. ( ) Notes:比擬對象應(yīng)與主語對等,當(dāng)主語為限定詞+n.時,than后的其比擬對象可為: ①限定詞+n. ②名詞所有格(一般省略其后相同的名詞) ③名詞性物主代詞(=形容詞性物主代詞

15、+n.) mine yours his hers its ours theirs 4.The weather of Beijing is colder than Shanghai. ( ) The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai. ( ) Notes:當(dāng)主語有后置定語修飾時,為保證比擬對象一致,常用that/thoes 指代比擬對象。 ◆比擬范圍 5.The Changjing River is the longest ____ China.

16、 The Changjing River is the longest ____all the rivers in China. Notes:在最高級中,in后跟比擬范圍,of后跟進(jìn)行比擬的同類事物。 6.China is larger than any country in Asia. ( ) China is larger than any other country in Asia( ) ◆同義句轉(zhuǎn)換問題 7.He is taller than anyone else in the class. = He is tal

17、ler ____ ____ _____ student in the class. = He is taller _____ _____ ______ students in the class. = He is the ____ ____ student in the class. Notes:同一范圍內(nèi)比擬 比擬級+than any other +sig.+in =比擬級+than anyone else +in… =比擬級+than the other +pl.+in… (只有同一范圍比擬才能出現(xiàn)other/else) 非同一范圍內(nèi)比擬 比擬級+than

18、any+sig.+in… 8. This coat is more expensiver than that one. = That coat is ________ than this one. = That coat isn’t _____ big _____ this one. Notes: A+v.+比擬級+than+B (A比B更…) = B+v.+比擬級反義詞+than+A (B 比A更…) = B+v.+not as(so)… as… (B與A不一樣…) ◆“l(fā)ess+多音節(jié)詞原級+than…〞 “不如…〞 —

19、降級比擬 = That coat is less expensive than this one. Self Check 1.I feel tired, so I want to go to bed ____ tonight. A.early B.earlier C.late D.later 2.The food of our country is ___ than that of western countries. A.rather good than B.much

20、better than C.more better than D.so goos as 3.The ice in the lake is as ____ as it was before. A.thin B.thinner C.thinnest Dthe thinnest 4.Who is _____ running star in your school? A.famous B.more famous C.the most famous D.less famous 5.—Which season do you lik

21、e _____? —Summer. A.good B.well C.the better D.best 6.Lucy’s pen is ___ nicer than yours. A.too B.more C.quite D.a little 7.—Is your brother as outgoing as you? —No, he’s a quiet boy. He is ________. A.less outgoing than me B.not so calm as I C.mo

22、re outgoing than me D.as outgoing as I 8.—How are you today? —Much ____. A.good B.well C.better D.the best 9.Tom’s card is newer than ____. A.our B.her C.my D.his 10.___ is more beautiful than roses. A. No other flower B. No another flower C. Not

23、 other flower D. Not all flowers 11.Mary studies harder ______ in her class. A. as any one B. than any other girl C. than the other D. than anyone 1.He is 3 times as _____(old) as me. 2.I’m too tired to go any _________.(far) 3.Who is _____, Lily or Lucy? 4.Tom is the _______(he

24、avy) of the three. 5.Tom is the _______ of the two boys. 6.Russia is _______(large) than any other country in the world. 7.His computer is the _______________(expensive) of all. 8.You are pretty ___________(beautiful). 9.The book is ____________(useful) than that one. 10.Who’s the _________(he

25、althy) , you, he or she? 11.How ______(small) the shirt is! I want a ________ (big) one. 12.You have _______(short) and ______(curly) hair than Susan. 13.Is this street a lot ______(noisy) than that one? 14.I feel much _____________(excited) now. 15.Soccer is becoming _____ and ______ _________

26、(popalar) in China. 16.My sister doesn’t write as _____(good) as I do. 17.The ______(much) you practice, the ______ (good) your English will be. 18.No other animal is _______(scary) than a snake. 19.Math is less ________(difficult) than English. 20.What a _______(funny) boy! 21.You’re _______

27、(bad) at sports than me. 22.It’s the third _______ (long) river in China. 1.I have a big bag. He has a small bag. (合并) My bag is _____ than ______. 2.You are funny. He’s funny, too. (合并) You are ______ funny _____ him. 3.Tom is thinner than Sam. (同義句) =Sam is ______ than Tom. =Sam isn’t as ______ as Tom. 4.He and I are the same. We are quite boys. (合并) He is _____ quite _____ I. 5.They’re tall. You’re tall. too.But I’m taller than anyone else. (合并) I’m _____ ______ of all. 5