（深圳專(zhuān)用）2013高考英語(yǔ) 電子題庫(kù) 附錄 新人教版必修5

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1、附　錄 譯文助讀 Module 1　British and American English Reading and Speaking Words，words，words British and American English are different in many ways.The first and most obvious way is in the vocabulary.There are hundreds of different words which are not used on the other side of the Atlantic，or whi

2、ch are used with a different meaning.Some of these words are well known—Americans drive automobiles down freeways and fill up with gas；the British drive cars along motorways and fill up with petrol.As a tourist，you will need to use the underground in London or the subway in New York，or maybe you wil

3、l prefer to get around the town by taxi(British)or cab(American)． Chips or French fries? But other words and expressions are not so well known.Americans use a flashlight，while for the British，it’s a torch.The British queue up；Americans stand in line.Sometimes the same word has a slightly different

4、 meaning，which can be confusing. Chips，for example，are pieces of hot fried potato in Britain；in the States chips are very thin and are sold in packets.The British call these crisps.The chips the British know and love are French fries on the other side of the Atlantic. Have or have got? There are a

5、 few differences in grammar，too.The British say Have you got...? while Americans prefer Do you have...? An American might say My friend just arrived，but a British person would say My friend has just arrived.Prepositions, too，can be different：compare on the team, on the weekend(American)with in the t

6、eam, at the weekend(British)．The British use prepositions where Americans sometimes omit them(I’ll see you Monday；Write me soon！)． Colour or color? The other two areas in which the two varieties differ are spelling and pronunciation.American spelling seems simpler：center，color and program instead

7、of centre，colour and programme.Many factors have influenced American pronunciation since the first settlers arrived four hundred years ago.The accent，which is most similar to British English，can be heard on the East Coast of the US.When the Irish writer George Bernard Shaw made the famous remark tha

8、t the British and the Americans are two nations divided by a common language，he was obviously thinking about the differences.But are they really so important？After all，there is probably as much variation of pronunciation within the two countries as between them.A Londoner has more difficulty underst

9、anding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker. ,詞，詞，詞 英式英語(yǔ)和美式英語(yǔ)在很多方面都有所不同。首先最明顯的是在詞匯方面。有數(shù)百個(gè)不同的單詞在大西洋彼岸是不使用的，或者是有不同的意思。其中有些單詞是熟悉的——美國(guó)人在 freeways 上駕駛 automobiles，給 automobiles 加 gas；英國(guó)人在 motorways 上駕駛 cars，給 cars 加 petrol。作為游客，在倫敦你要乘坐 underground，而在紐約則是 subway，或者你更愿乘坐 taxi (英式) 或者 c

10、ab (美式)游覽城市。 Chips 還是 French fries? 但是其他一些單詞和表達(dá)方式?jīng)]有這么廣泛地為人所知。美國(guó)人把手電筒稱(chēng)為 flashlight，而英國(guó)人叫它 torch。英國(guó)人排隊(duì)用 queue up，而美國(guó)人用 stand in line。有時(shí)，同一個(gè)單詞在意義上有一點(diǎn)細(xì)微的差別，這會(huì)讓人感到很困惑。比如 chips 這個(gè)詞在英國(guó)是油炸的薯?xiàng)l，在美國(guó)卻指小包裝出售的非常薄的薯片。英國(guó)人把這種東西稱(chēng)為 crisps。英國(guó)人知道而且喜歡的薯?xiàng)l在大西洋對(duì)岸被稱(chēng)為 French fries。 Have 還是 have got? 在語(yǔ)法上，英式英語(yǔ)和美式英語(yǔ)也有一些區(qū)別。英

11、國(guó)人說(shuō) Have you got...？而美國(guó)人卻更喜歡說(shuō) Do you have...？美國(guó)人可能會(huì)說(shuō) My friend just arrived，但是英國(guó)人會(huì)說(shuō) My friend has just arrived。介詞的用法也有所不同：比較一下 on the team，on the weekend (美式)和 in the team，at the weekend (英式)。英國(guó)人用介詞的地方美國(guó)人有時(shí)侯可能會(huì)省略(I’ll see you Monday；Write me soon！)。 Colour 還是 color? 另外兩個(gè)不同之處是拼寫(xiě)和發(fā)音。美式英語(yǔ)的拼寫(xiě)好像更簡(jiǎn)單一些：用

12、 center，color 和 program 代替 centre，colour 和 programme。自從 400 年前第一批移民的到來(lái)，很多因素影響了美式英語(yǔ)的發(fā)音。在美國(guó)東海岸能夠聽(tīng)到跟英式英語(yǔ)非常接近的口音。當(dāng)愛(ài)爾蘭作家蕭伯納講那句名言——英國(guó)和美國(guó)是被同一種語(yǔ)言分開(kāi)的兩個(gè)國(guó)家的時(shí)候，他顯然想到了它們的差別。但是這些真的是那么重要嗎？不管怎么說(shuō)，在這兩個(gè)國(guó)度里，語(yǔ)音也肯定存在著許多音變。倫敦人要聽(tīng)懂來(lái)自格拉斯哥的蘇格蘭人說(shuō)話(huà)，比聽(tīng)紐約人說(shuō)話(huà)更難。,Turn on the TV Some experts believe that the two varieties are movin

13、g closer together. For more than a century commu nications across the Atlantic have developed steadily. Since the 1980s, with satellite TV and the Internet, it has been possible to listen to British and American English at the flick of a switch. This non-stop communication, the experts think, has ma

14、de it easier for British people and Americans to understand each other. But it has also led to lots of American words and structures passing into British English, so that some people now believe that British English will disappear. However，if you turn on CNN，the American TV network，you find newsre

15、aders and weather forecasters all speaking with different accents—American, British, Australian, and even Spanish. One of the best-known faces, Monita Rajpal, was born in Hong Kong, China, and grew up speaking Chinese and Punjabi, as well as English. This international dimension suggests that in th

16、e future, there are going to be many “Englishes”， not just two main varieties. But the message is “Don’t worry.” Users of English will all be able to understand each other—wherever they are.,打開(kāi)電視 很多專(zhuān)家認(rèn)為這兩種語(yǔ)言變體越來(lái)越接近，一個(gè)多世紀(jì)以來(lái)，大西洋兩岸的交流穩(wěn)步發(fā)展。自從20世紀(jì)80年代以來(lái)，隨著衛(wèi)星電視和因特網(wǎng)的使用，非常便捷地聽(tīng)到英式英語(yǔ)和美式英語(yǔ)已經(jīng)成為可能。專(zhuān)家們認(rèn)為，這種不間斷的交

17、流使得英國(guó)人和美國(guó)人相互理解起來(lái)更加容易。但是這也致使許多美式英語(yǔ)單詞和結(jié)構(gòu)傳人英式英語(yǔ)，以至于現(xiàn)在有一些人相信英式英語(yǔ)將要消失。 然而，如果你打開(kāi)美國(guó)電視網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)目CNN，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)新聞播報(bào)員和天氣預(yù)報(bào)員都操著不同的口音——美國(guó)的，英國(guó)的，澳大利亞的，甚至西班牙的。其中最熟悉的臉孔之一，慕妮塔·讓治派出生于中國(guó)香港，從小到大說(shuō)的是漢語(yǔ)、一種印度土語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)。 這種國(guó)際性的廣泛使用表明，在未來(lái)將有很多種英語(yǔ)，不僅僅是兩種。但其實(shí)大家不用擔(dān)心！無(wú)論在哪里，英語(yǔ)的使用者們都會(huì)彼此理解。 Cultural Corner The Man Who Made Spelling Simple In

18、English the spelling of words does not always represent the sound.So people say/raIt/but spell it right，or write，or even rite.Combinations of letters (like ough) may be pronounced in a number of ways.And some words just seem to have too many letters. For Americans things are a little bit easier，tha

19、nks to the work of Noah Webster，a teacher who graduated from Yale University in 1778.As a young man he had fought against the British in the American War of Independence，and he felt that written English in the newly independent United States should have a distinctive “American” look. So he began hi

20、s work on American English.His first book，The Elementary Spelling Book，suggested simplifying the spelling of English words.The book was extremely popular.By the 1850s it was selling one million copies a year，making it one of the most popular school books ever. Many of the suggestions were quickly a

21、dopted.Center instead of centre，program instead of programme，and flavor instead of flavour.Others，however，such as removing silent letters like the s in island or the final e in examine，were not. Webster is best known for his American Dictionary of the English Language，which first appeared in 1828.I

22、t introduced lots of new American words，with information about their pronunciation and use，and，of course，the new spelling.The British criticised the dictionary，but it quickly became a standard reference book in the States.Today，Webster’s dictionary is still the number one dictionary for American stu

23、dents. ,簡(jiǎn)化拼寫(xiě)的人 在英語(yǔ)里單詞的拼寫(xiě)不總是代表單詞的發(fā)音。因此人們說(shuō)/raIt/但是拼寫(xiě)為 right，write，甚至是 rite。字母組合(比如 ough)可能有許多種方式的發(fā)音。而且一些單詞似乎是字母過(guò)多。 對(duì)美國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)，事情(單詞拼寫(xiě))稍微簡(jiǎn)單些，這多虧了一位叫諾亞·韋伯斯特的人，他是一位教師，于1778年畢業(yè)于耶魯大學(xué)。他年輕的時(shí)候曾在美國(guó)獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中與英國(guó)人交過(guò)戰(zhàn)，而且認(rèn)為在剛獨(dú)立的美國(guó)，書(shū)面英語(yǔ)應(yīng)該有與眾不同的美國(guó)人的特色。 因此他開(kāi)始從事他的美式英語(yǔ)的工作。他的第一本書(shū)，《初級(jí)拼寫(xiě)書(shū)》，提出了簡(jiǎn)化英語(yǔ)單詞的拼寫(xiě)。這本書(shū)相當(dāng)受歡迎。到19世紀(jì)50年代為止，該書(shū)以

24、每年一百萬(wàn)冊(cè)的速度銷(xiāo)售，成為有史以來(lái)最受歡迎的學(xué)校用書(shū)之一。 其中許多建議很快被采納。center 代替了 centre，program 代替了 programme，flavor 代替了 flavour。然而其他的都沒(méi)有被采納，比如直接刪掉不發(fā)音的字母，像 island 中的 s 或 examine 中最后的 e。 韋伯斯特因?yàn)樗幍摹睹朗接⒄Z(yǔ)詞典》而聞名，這本書(shū)最初在1828年問(wèn)世。書(shū)中介紹了許多新的美國(guó)單詞，有其相關(guān)的發(fā)音和用法，當(dāng)然也有新的拼寫(xiě)法。英國(guó)人批判了這本字典，但是在美國(guó)，它很快成為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參考書(shū)。如今，韋伯斯特詞典仍然是美國(guó)學(xué)生的首選詞典。 Module 2　A Job

25、Worth Doing Vocabulary and Reading The Human Traffic Signal At 3,500 metres，La Paz，in Bolivia，is the highest capital in the world.Life is hard at high altitude，and the mountains make communications difficult.Many roads are in bad condition and accidents are frequent.One road in particular，which g

26、oes north from La Paz，is considered the most dangerous road in the world.On one side the mountains rise steeply；on the other side there is a sheer drop，which in places is hundreds of metres deep.Although there is not a lot of traffic，on average，one vehicle comes off the road every two weeks.The drop

27、 is so great that anyone inside the vehicle is lucky to survive.In theory，the road can only be used by traffic going uphill from 8 in the morning，and by traffic coming downhill from 3 in the afternoon.But in practice，few drivers respect the rules. But thanks to one man，the death toll has fallen.Tim

28、oteo Apaza is a gentle 46yearold man who lives in a village near the most dangerous part of the road，known locally as la curva del diablo(the Devil’s Bend)．Timoteo has an unusual job—he is a human traffic signal.Every morning he climbs up to the bend with a large circular board in his hand.The boa

29、rd is red on one side and green on the other.Timoteo stands on the bend and directs the traffic.When two vehicles approach from opposite directions they can’t see each other，but they can see Timoteo.Timoteo is a volunteer.No one asked him to do the job，and no one pays him for it.Sometimes drivers gi

30、ve him a tip，so that he has just enough money to live on.But often they just pass by，taking the human traffic signal for granted. So why does he do it？Before he volunteered to direct the traffic，Timoteo had had lots of jobs.He had been a miner and a soldier.Then one day while he was working as a lo

31、rry driver he had a close encounter with death.He was driving a lorry load of bananas when he came off the road at a bend and fell three hundred metres down the mountain.Somehow he survived.He was in hospital for months.Then，a few years later，he was called out in the night to help pull people out of

32、 a bus which had crashed at la curva del diablo.This last experience had a profound effect on Timoteo.He realised that he was lucky to be alive himself，and felt that it was his mission in life to help others.And so every morning，week in，week out，from dawn to dusk，Timoteo takes up his place on the be

33、nd and directs the traffic. ,人體交通標(biāo)志 位于海拔3500米的玻利維亞首府拉巴斯是世界上最高的首都。在高海拔地區(qū)的生活很艱苦，高山使得地區(qū)交通非常困難。許多路路況很差而且事故頻發(fā)，尤其是從拉巴斯通向北邊的一條路被認(rèn)為是世界上最危險(xiǎn)的路。在路的一邊，山體高聳險(xiǎn)峻，另一邊懸崖陡峭，很多地方足有幾百米深。盡管這條路上交通量不大，但是平均每?jī)芍芫陀幸惠v車(chē)沖出公路，掉下懸崖。懸崖落差如此之大，在掉下去的車(chē)?yán)锶魏我粋€(gè)幸存者都是幸運(yùn)的。按理，這條路上從早晨8點(diǎn)開(kāi)始只準(zhǔn)許上山的車(chē)通行，下午3點(diǎn)以后下山的車(chē)通行。但實(shí)際上，幾乎沒(méi)有司機(jī)遵守這些規(guī)則。 但是多虧了一個(gè)人，使事故死

34、亡率下降了。46歲的鐵穆特歐·安迫賽是個(gè)性格溫和的人，他住在這條路最危險(xiǎn)的一段附近的村莊，這段路被當(dāng)?shù)厝朔Q(chēng)為 la curva del diablo(魔鬼彎道)。鐵穆特歐有個(gè)不同尋常的工作——他是人體交通標(biāo)志。每天早晨，他都拿著一個(gè)大圓板爬上彎道。圓板一面是紅色的，一面是綠色的。鐵穆特歐站在轉(zhuǎn)彎處指揮著交通。當(dāng)兩輛車(chē)相對(duì)開(kāi)來(lái)的時(shí)候，他們彼此看不到，但都能看到鐵穆特歐。鐵穆特歐是個(gè)志愿者。沒(méi)有人要他做這個(gè)工作，也沒(méi)有人為此付錢(qián)給他。有時(shí)司機(jī)們會(huì)給他點(diǎn)小費(fèi)，這樣他能夠維持生活。但是大多數(shù)情況下，司機(jī)們開(kāi)著車(chē)就過(guò)去了，把人體交通標(biāo)志視為理所當(dāng)然。 但他為什么要這樣做呢？他在志愿指揮交通之前，做過(guò)很

35、多工作。他曾是礦工，還當(dāng)過(guò)兵。他做卡車(chē)司機(jī)的時(shí)候，有一次跟死神打了個(gè)照面。當(dāng)正開(kāi)著裝滿(mǎn)香蕉的卡車(chē)要駛過(guò)一個(gè)彎道的時(shí)候，他連人帶車(chē)翻到了300多米深的山崖下。萬(wàn)幸的是，他活了下來(lái)。他住院住了好幾個(gè)月。幾年后的一天夜里，他被叫出來(lái)幫忙拉出在魔鬼彎道墜毀的公共汽車(chē)?yán)锏娜恕Ｗ詈蟮倪@次經(jīng)歷對(duì)鐵穆特歐產(chǎn)生了重大影響。他意識(shí)到他能活下來(lái)是很幸運(yùn)的，而且感覺(jué)到幫助別人是他人生的使命。于是每天早晨，鐵穆特歐都來(lái)到路的拐彎處站好自己的位置，開(kāi)始指揮來(lái)往車(chē)輛，從拂曉到黃昏，一周又一周。 Cultural Corner Growing Jobs What sort of jobs will people b

36、e doing ten years from now？According to a survey published by an American university，the ten fastest growing jobs will be related to computers and health.They include computer systems analysts，data analysts and database managers.But there will also be a rise in the demand for health care professiona

37、ls.Some of these will be new jobs，such as bioinformaticians，who combine computer skills with knowledge of biology.Others will be more traditional.For example，more home care nurses will be needed to look after the rapidly ageing population.But many youngsters will need professional care，too：14 millio

38、n Americans suffer from speech or language problems，and six million of them are under the age of 18.The number of speech pathologists(who help people who have problems speaking)is expected to double by the year 2012.And social workers will continue to be in demand. Of course there will be plenty of

39、 other new jobs，some of which we probably can’t even guess.But for those who love the outdoor life，a good bet could be the leisure industry.As more and more countries open up to tourism，more travel agents will be needed，but the real demand will be for guides to take groups and even individuals on ad

40、venture holidays.For people doing this job，common sense，physical fitness and an outgoing personality are likely to be more important than computer skills. ,日益增長(zhǎng)的職業(yè) 從現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始的十年以后，人們將從事什么類(lèi)型的工作？根據(jù)美國(guó)一所大學(xué)發(fā)布的調(diào)查報(bào)告，增長(zhǎng)速度最快的十種職業(yè)將與電腦和健康有關(guān)。它們包括計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)分析師、數(shù)據(jù)分析師和數(shù)據(jù)管理員。而對(duì)健康護(hù)理專(zhuān)家的需求也將會(huì)增長(zhǎng)。這些職業(yè)中有一些將會(huì)是新興職業(yè)，比如生物信息學(xué)研究者，把計(jì)算

41、機(jī)技能和生物知識(shí)結(jié)合起來(lái)。其他的職業(yè)將更傳統(tǒng)些。例如，需要更多的家庭護(hù)理員來(lái)照顧快速高齡化的人口。但是許多年輕人也需要專(zhuān)業(yè)護(hù)理：1400萬(wàn)的美國(guó)人有語(yǔ)言問(wèn)題，其中的600萬(wàn)是在18歲以下。語(yǔ)言病理學(xué)家的數(shù)量(幫助有語(yǔ)言障礙的人)預(yù)計(jì)到2012年將翻一番。而對(duì)社會(huì)工作者的需求量仍會(huì)很大。 當(dāng)然也會(huì)有許多其他新興的職業(yè)，其中一些我們很可能猜不出來(lái)。但是對(duì)于那些喜歡室外生活的人來(lái)說(shuō)，休閑娛樂(lè)業(yè)應(yīng)該是個(gè)很好的主意。隨著越來(lái)越多的國(guó)家開(kāi)放旅游業(yè)，將需要更多的旅行社，但真正需要的將是那些為旅游團(tuán)，甚至為冒險(xiǎn)度假的個(gè)人做導(dǎo)游的人。對(duì)從事這項(xiàng)工作的人來(lái)說(shuō)，常識(shí)、健康的身體和外向的性格將很可能比計(jì)算機(jī)技能更重

42、要。 Module 3　Adventure in Literature and the Cinema Reading and Vocabulary The Steamboat There was a big storm after midnight and the rain poured down. We stayed inside the shelter we had built and let the raft sail down the river.Suddenly，by the light of the lightning，we saw something in the

43、 middle of the river.It looked like a house at first，but then we realized it was a steamboat.It had hit a rock and was half in and half out of the water.We were sailing straight towards it. “It looks as if it’ll go under soon，”Jim said，after a couple of minutes. “Let’s go and take a look，”I said.

44、 “I don’t want to board a sinking ship，”said Jim，but when I suggested that we might find something useful on the boat，he agreed to go.So we paddled over and climbed on to the steamboat，keeping as quiet as mice.To our astonishment，there was a light in one of the cabins.Then we heard someone shout，“Oh

45、 please boys，don’t kill me！I won’t tell anybody！” A man’s angry voice answered，“You’re lying. You said that last time.We’re going to kill you.” When he heard these words，Jim panicked and ran to the raft.But although I was frightened，I also felt very curious，so I put my head round the door.It was q

46、uite dark，but I could see a man lying on the floor，tied up with rope.There were two men standing over him.One was short，with a beard.The other was tall and had something in his hand that looked like a gun. “I’ve had enough of you.I’m going to shoot you now，”this man said.He was obviously the one wh

47、o had threatened the man on the floor.And it was a gun he had in his hand. “No，don’t do that，”said the short man.“Let’s leave him here.The steamboat will sink in a couple of hours and he’ll go down with it.” When he heard that，the frightened man on the floor started crying.“He sounds as if he’s go

48、ing to die of fright！”I thought.“I have to find a way to save him！” I crawled along the deck，found Jim，and told him what I had heard.“We must find their boat and take it away，then they’ll have to stay here.”I said. Jim looked terrified.“I’m not staying here，”he said.But I persuaded him to help me，

49、and we found the men’s boat tied to the other side of the steamboat.We climbed quietly in and as we paddled away we heard the two men shouting.By then we were a safe distance away.But now I began to feel bad about what we had done.I didn’t want all three men to die. ,汽船 后半夜來(lái)了一場(chǎng)暴風(fēng)雨，大雨傾盆而下。我們躲進(jìn)了自己搭起

50、來(lái)的避雨棚，讓木筏順流而下。突然間，借著閃電的光亮，我們看到河中間有東西。它一開(kāi)始看上去像座房子，但后來(lái)我們意識(shí)到那是艘蒸汽船。它觸礁了，一半沉在水里，一半露在水面上。我們的木筏正朝著它駛?cè)ァ? “看起來(lái)它快沉了，”過(guò)了一會(huì)兒，吉姆說(shuō)。 “我們?nèi)タ纯丛趺椿厥聝?。”我接著說(shuō)。 “我可不想上一條要沉的船。”吉姆不同意，但當(dāng)我提出我們可能會(huì)在上面找到些有用的東西時(shí)，他還是同意了。于是我們劃了過(guò)去，躡手躡腳地，悄無(wú)聲息地爬上了汽船。令我們大吃一驚的是，有間船艙還亮著一盞燈。接著我們聽(tīng)到人的嚎叫聲，“哦，哥們兒，別殺我！我跟誰(shuí)也不會(huì)說(shuō)的！” 一個(gè)男人生氣的聲音回應(yīng)道：“你在撒謊。上次你也是這么說(shuō)的

51、。我們要?dú)⒘四?！? 吉姆聽(tīng)到了這些后，恐懼萬(wàn)分，向木筏跑了過(guò)去。而我盡管害怕，但也感到十分好奇，于是就把頭湊向了那扇門(mén)。四周都很黑，但我能看見(jiàn)一個(gè)人被繩子捆著，躺在地板上。有兩個(gè)人圍著他站著。其中一個(gè)是矮個(gè)，留著絡(luò)腮胡子。另外一個(gè)是高個(gè)，手里拿著什么東西，看起來(lái)像是把槍。 “我受夠你了！我現(xiàn)在就要斃了你，”那個(gè)高個(gè)說(shuō)道。顯然他就是剛才威脅躺在地上的人的那個(gè)人。握在他手中的確實(shí)是把槍。 “不，別這么干，”那個(gè)矮個(gè)說(shuō)：“我們把他扔在這兒。這船過(guò)幾小時(shí)就沉了，他也就跟船一起沉了?！? 聽(tīng)到這話(huà)，那個(gè)在地上已被嚇傻的人開(kāi)始嚎哭?！奥?tīng)起來(lái)他就要嚇?biāo)懒耍蔽蚁??！拔业迷O(shè)法去救他！” 我沿著甲板爬行

52、，找到了吉姆，并告訴他我所聽(tīng)到的一切。我說(shuō)：“我們必須找到他們的船并弄走它，然后他們就不得不呆在這兒了?！? 吉姆看上去很害怕。“我不想呆在這兒，”他說(shuō)。但我說(shuō)服他幫我的忙，找到了他們拴在沉船另一邊的小船。我們悄悄爬進(jìn)了小船，當(dāng)劃著小船離開(kāi)時(shí)，我們聽(tīng)到了兩個(gè)人的吼叫聲。而那時(shí)我們已安全地離開(kāi)了。但現(xiàn)在我開(kāi)始后悔那么做了。我不想讓那三個(gè)人都死掉。Cultural Corner The Life of Mark Twain Often the lives of writers resemble the lives of the characters they create.Mark Twain

53、，who wrote The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and The Adventures of Tom Sawyer，was no exception.To start with，the author’s name，Mark Twain，is itself an invention，or“pen name”. Twain’s real name was Samuel Clemens.“Mark Twain”，which means “watermark two”，was a call used by sailors on the Mississipp

54、i to warn shipmates that they were coming into shallow water. Like Huck，Mark Twain led an adventurous life.He left school early，and as an adolescent，determined to make his fortune in South America，set off from his home in Hannibal，Missouri，for New Orleans.He wanted to take a boat to the Amazon，wher

55、e he thought he could get rich quickly.He arrived in New Orleans without a penny in his pocket only to find that there were no boats for South America.Forced to change his plans，he worked for several years as a pilot on a steamboat，taking passengers up and down the Mississippi，the great river which

56、flows from the north of the US near the Canadian border，down to the Gulf of Mexico. Later he became a journalist and began writing stories about life on the river.Twain’s vivid and often amusing descriptions of life on the river quickly became popular，and established the reputation he still enjoys

57、today as one of America’s greatest writers. ,　　馬克·吐溫的生活 作家的生活往往和他們塑造的人物很相似。寫(xiě)了《哈克貝利·費(fèi)恩歷險(xiǎn)記》和《湯姆·索亞歷險(xiǎn)記》的馬克·吐溫也不例外。首先，作者的名字，馬克·吐溫，本身就是創(chuàng)造的，或者說(shuō)是“筆名”。吐溫的真名是塞繆爾·克萊門(mén)斯。“馬克·吐溫”意思是“水深兩英尺”，這是密西西比河上的水手們用來(lái)警告正在進(jìn)入淺水區(qū)(安全通行)的同船水手們的口號(hào)。 像哈克一樣，馬克·吐溫過(guò)著一種冒險(xiǎn)的生活。他很早離開(kāi)學(xué)校，青少年的時(shí)候，懷著到南美去發(fā)財(cái)致富的決心，從密蘇里州的漢尼拔出發(fā)去新奧爾良。他想乘船去亞馬遜，他認(rèn)為在

58、那里很快就會(huì)富起來(lái)。他身無(wú)分文，到達(dá)了新奧爾良之后卻發(fā)現(xiàn)沒(méi)有開(kāi)往南美的船了。迫不得已他只好改變了計(jì)劃，在一艘汽船上當(dāng)了好幾年領(lǐng)航員，主要是帶著乘客進(jìn)入或離開(kāi)密西西比河，這條大河從美國(guó)北部的加拿大邊界附近流向墨西哥灣。 后來(lái)他成了一名記者開(kāi)始寫(xiě)有關(guān)河上生活的故事。吐溫對(duì)河上生活生動(dòng)形象的描寫(xiě)很快受到歡迎，這也確立了今天他仍然享有美國(guó)最偉大的作家之一的美譽(yù)的地位。 Module 4　Carnival Reading and Vocabulary The Magic of the Mask Think of carnival，and you think of crowds，costum

59、es，and confusion.The sounds and sights change from one country to another but the excitement is the same everywhere. “Carnival” comes from two Latin words，meaning “no more meat”．In Europe，where it began，carnival was followed by forty days without meat，as people prepared for the Christian festival o

60、f Easter.People saw Carnival as a last chance to have fun at the end of the winter season.Having fun meant eating，drinking，and dressing up. The most famous carnival in Europe was in Venice.At the beginning，it lasted for just one day.People ate，drank，and wore masks.As time passed，however，the carniva

61、l period was extended，so that it began just after Christmas.For weeks on end people walked round the streets wearing masks，doing what they wanted without being recognised.Ordinary people could pretend to be rich and important，while famous people could have romantic adventures in secret.Many crimes w

62、ent unpunished. The government realised that wearing masks had become a problem.Their use was limited by laws，the first of which dates back to the fourteenth century.Men were not allowed to wear masks at night；and they were not allowed to dress up as women.In later times more laws were passed.Peopl

63、e who wore masks could not carry firearms；and no one could enter a church wearing a mask.If they broke the laws，they were put into prison for up to two years.Finally，when Venice became part of the Austrian empire，at the end of the eighteenth century，masks were banned completely，and carnival became j

64、ust a memory. But in the late 1970s the tradition was revived by students.They began making masks and organising parties，and threw bits of brightly coloured paper (called coriandoli) at tourists.The town council realised that carnival was good for business，and the festival was developed for tourist

65、s. Today，carnival in Venice is celebrated for five days in February.People arrive from all over Europe to enjoy the fun.Hotels are fully booked and the narrow streets are crowded with wonderful costumes.German，F(xiàn)rench and English seem to be the main languages.But the spirit of Venice carnival is not

66、 quite the same as the great American carnivals.If the key to Rio is music and movement，then in Venice it is the mystery of the mask.As you wander through the streets，you see thousands of masks—elegant or frightening，sad or amusing，traditional or modern—but you have no idea what the faces behind them look like.Nobody takes them off.If the masks come off，the magic is lost.,面具的魔力 想到狂歡節(jié)，你就會(huì)想到人群、各式各樣的服裝和熱鬧非凡的場(chǎng)面。熱鬧的場(chǎng)面在不同的國(guó)家會(huì)有所不同，但人們的興奮程度在各地都是相同的。 “狂歡節(jié)”這個(gè)詞是由兩個(gè)拉丁詞演變而來(lái)的，意思是“禁肉食”。在歐洲，狂歡節(jié)的起源地，狂歡節(jié)過(guò)后會(huì)有40天