牛津8B Unit1知識點歸納、難點解析、語法復習---沈毅

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1、 8B Unit 1 Past and present 【短語學習重點】 Comic strip ＆Welcome to the unit 1.an hour ago 一小時前 p.6 2.used to share food with me 過去常常與我分享食物 p.6 3.go to school by bike 騎自行車上學 p.7 4.take a bus to school 乘公共汽車上學

2、 p.7 Reading 5 . know…very well 非常了解… p.8 6. since I was born 自我出生以來 p.8 7 . live in the northern part of town住在城鎮(zhèn)的北部 p.8 8. get married 結(jié)婚 p.8 9. move two blocks away 搬到兩個街區(qū)以外 p.8 10. since

3、then 從那以后 p.8 11. change a lot 改變許多 p.8 12. over the years 在這些年期間 p.8 13. in the town centre 在鎮(zhèn)中心 p.8 14. turn…into… 把…變成… p.8 15. a steel factory 一家鋼鐵廠

4、 p.9 16. put the waste into the river 把廢料扔進河里 p.9 17. take action to improve the situation 采取行動改善情況 p.9 18. much cleaner 干凈得多 p.9 19.in some ways 在某種程度上，在某些方面 p.9 20. have a beautiful modern town 擁有一個美麗現(xiàn)代化的城鎮(zhèn) p.9 21. mo

5、st of my old friends 我的大多數(shù)老朋友 p.9 22.move away 搬走 p.9 23. see each other as often as before 和過去一樣頻繁的見到彼此 p.9 24 play cards and Chinese chess 打牌，下中國象棋 p.9 25. feel a bit lonely from time to time 有時感到有點孤單 p.9 26.the amazing changes

6、 令人驚奇的改變 p.9 27.have an interview with sb. 采訪某人 p.9 28. all one’s life 一生 p.11 Grammar 29.repair over ten bicycles 修十多輛自行車 p.14 30.the changes in Beijing 北京的變化 p.14 31.over the past cent

7、ury 上個世紀期間 p.14 32.learn more about 更多了解關(guān)于…… p.14 Integrated skills 33.clean and fresh air 干凈新鮮空氣 p.15 34.living condition 居住環(huán)境 p.15 35.railway station 火車站 p.15 36.travel to and from the town

8、 by bus 乘公交進出城鎮(zhèn) p.16 37.another big change 另一個大變化 p.16 38.used to live in old houses 過去住在舊房子里 p.16 39.move into new flats 搬進新的公寓 p.16 40.return from the USA 從美國回來 p.16 41.go abroad 出國

9、，去國外 p.16 42.at primary school 在小學 p.16 43.keep in touch with each other 互相保持聯(lián)絡(luò)?? p.16 municate by email 通過電子郵件交流 p.16 45.make communication much easier 使溝通更容易 p.16 Study Skills 46.be/get used to (doing) sth

10、 習慣于（干）某事 p.17 47.on one’s own 獨自地，獨立地 p.17 Task 48.narrow and dirty roads 又窄又臟的公路 p.19 49.wide and clean streets 寬闊而干凈的街道 p.19 50.green trees on birth sides 兩邊綠樹 p.19 51.open spaces

11、 開闊的空地 p.19 52.in their free time 在他們的空閑時間 p.19 53.enjoy a comfortable life 享受舒服的生活 p.19 【句型學習重點】 1.You used to be so kind to me. 你過去對我那么好。 P.6 2.It took a long time to wait for the next one. 等下一輛公共汽車要花費很長時間。

12、 p.7 3.Do you know Sunshine Town very well, Mr Chen? 陳先生，你對陽光鎮(zhèn)很了解嗎？ p.8 4.When I got married in 1965, my wife and I moved two blocks away and we’ve lived in this area since then. 當我1965年結(jié)婚時，我和我的妻子搬到兩個街區(qū)以外，此后一直住在這里。 p.8 5.It has become impossible for us to see each other as often as b

13、efore. 對我們來說像以前一樣經(jīng)常見面變得不可能。 p.8 6.Anyway, it’s good to see the amazing changes in the town. 不管怎樣，能看到小鎮(zhèn)這些令人驚嘆的變化，還是不錯的。 p.8 7.We haven’t seen each other since then. p.16 我們自從那時就再也沒見過。 8.Many changes have taken place in Moonlight Town over the years. 這些年月光鎮(zhèn)發(fā)生了許多變化。

14、 p.19 【難點解析】 重要語言點講解 1.Have you seen my food? 解析：此句時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在完成時疑問形式?，F(xiàn)在完成時由“主語+have/has +動詞過去分詞形式”構(gòu)成。它的要義在于表達過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情對現(xiàn)在造成的某種影響，或者，強調(diào)過去發(fā)生的事情一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)。 1）I’ve (I have) eaten it. (eat—ate—eaten) 2）You’ve changed ./ You’ve changed too. For example: A: Have you studied English for ten yea

15、rs? B: Yes, I have. And you? A: No, I haven’t. B: Then how many years have you learnt English? A:I have learnt it for eight years. 2. I've just eaten it. 我剛才把它吃了。 just adv. 意為“剛才”常與完成時連用。 他們剛剛到達。 They have just arrived. 注意：just now 意為“剛才”，相當于“a moment ago”通常與一般過去時連用。 我剛才去了圖書館。 I went to

16、 the library just now. 3.You used to share food with me! 你過去常與我分享食物！ used to do sth. 意為“過去經(jīng)常做某事，以前常常做某事”，表示過去的習慣。本身已是過去時態(tài)，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，暗含現(xiàn)在已不再如此。 1)他的父母過去住在鄉(xiāng)下。 His parents used to live in the countryside. 2)Tom 過去常常早起，不是嗎？ Tom used to get up early, didn't he?/usedn't he? be used to doing sth.習慣

17、于做某事 我父親習慣晚飯后讀報。 My father is used to reading newspapers after dinner. be used to do 被用來做…… A pen is used to write with.筆是用來寫的。 4.share v. 共用；分享 分享某物 share sth 和某人分享某物 share sth with sb 注意：share sb sth × 沒有這種表達方式！ 5.past n. 意為“過去”。 她正在回憶過去。 She is thinking of the past. past

18、 adj.意為“過去的” 他病了三周了。 He has been ill for the past three weeks. in the past 過去 in the past few years 在過去的幾年中 6.present n. 現(xiàn)在，目前 at present n.禮物 7.to the north of 在……北面（范圍之外） ?in the north of 在……北部（范圍之內(nèi)） on the north of 在……北邊（接壤） Our school is to the north of the times supermarket . 我

19、們學校在時代超市北面。 Beijing is in the north of China. 北京在中國北部。 Shandong is on the north of Jiangsu. 山東位于江蘇北面。 8.lonely, alone的區(qū)別： Lonely作表語，表示心靈內(nèi)部的孤獨寂寞。alone指單獨、獨自的意思，作表語。 例如：He is alone, but he never feels lonely. 他雖然單身一人，但從不感到孤獨寂寞。 此外 lonely 還能作定語，表示荒涼的、偏僻的、偏遠的 a lonely village 一個遙遠的村莊 9.fr

20、om time to time 不時，有時，偶爾 sometimes 有時 some times 幾次 sometime 某時 some time一段時間 1)He feels lonely from time to time. 2)He feels lonely sometimes. 3)He spent some time doing his homework. 10.a lot; lots of; a bit; a little; a few. 1)Thanks a lot. 2)There are lots of birds in the tree. 3)H

21、e feels a bit/a little lonely from time to time. 4)There is a bit of/a little water in the cup. 5)A few students are good at drawing. 11.turn; turn …into 1)The tree turns green. (vt) 2)It’s your turn now. (n.) 3)They turned the place into a big cinema. 12.marry vt/vi marry sb married

22、 adj. be/get married (to sb) 1)The boy will marry the pretty girl and the girl is willing to marry him. 那個男孩子將會娶那個女孩子，那個女孩也愿意嫁給他。 2)She has been married to Mr.Wang. 3)They are going to get married on New Year’s Day. 13.wife –wives A thief’s wife used a knife on the shelf and half a leaf t

23、o kill a wolf. 去 f/fe為ves 14.?It’s +adj.(easy, important, bad, nice…)+for sb. to do… 對某人來說做……是（容易的，重要的，壞的，好的……） 1)It is important for us to grasp a foreign language. 掌握一門外語對我們來說是重要的。 2)It is necessary for us students to listen carefully in class. 對我們學生來說上課認真聽是必要的。 【語法學習難點】 現(xiàn)在完成時的用法 一、現(xiàn)在完

24、成時的含義 1. 表示過去已完成的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響，常與“already”、“yet”、“just”等連用； e.g. He has already had breakfast.(現(xiàn)在飽了) 2. 也可表示過去發(fā)生的動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，常與“since”自從、“for”等連用。 e.g. I have lived here since I was born. 3. 表示一個過去的動作直到現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的次數(shù)。 e.g. I have already read this book three times. 二、現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成 1)現(xiàn)在完成時的肯定句 句型 主語（第一、二

25、人稱單/復數(shù)）+have+過去分詞 主語（第三人稱復數(shù)）+have +過去分詞 主語（第三人稱單數(shù)）+has+過去分詞 have (has) 為助動詞 e.g. He has already had his lunch. e.g. I have just finished my homework. 2)現(xiàn)在完成時的否定句 句型 主語+have/has not(haven't/hasn't)+過去分詞 e.g. I have not seen the movie yet.

26、 e.g. She hasn’t eaten it. 3)現(xiàn)在完成時的一般疑問句 Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+…？ e.g. Have you finished the work? e.g. Has she arrived here? e.g. Have they eaten supper? 三、過去分詞的構(gòu)成 A .規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞 （參照動詞的過去式變化規(guī)則） B .不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞（書P122-123） 四、用法1：表示過去開始的動作或狀態(tài)已經(jīng)結(jié)束，但是對現(xiàn)在有影響。這種

27、用法常與already, just, yet, ever, never, times (次數(shù)) 等連用. e.g. Look! The blackboard is so clean now. He has already cleaned the blackboard. 這句話所表示強調(diào)的結(jié)果是黑板現(xiàn)在是干凈的。(他已經(jīng)擦過黑板了。)? 現(xiàn)在完成時的時間副詞和時間短語: 1)副詞already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑問句中。 e.g. We have already finished our homework. 2

28、)副詞ever 和never。多用于否定或疑問句中，表示“曾經(jīng)”或“從未“等。? e.g. Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾經(jīng)去過長城嗎? 3)用just表示到說話時為止的時間狀語, e.g. I have just seen her, but I don’t know where she is now . 注意：當在肯定陳述句中含有already或just 時，在轉(zhuǎn)換成否定句或疑問句時，要把句中的already 或just 去掉，在句末加上yet. e.g. I have done my homework a

29、lready. I haven’t done my homework yet. 用法2.:表示過去的動作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在甚至未來時間狀語: since, for 過去的時間點since 1990, since last year 現(xiàn)在完成時+ since + 時間段+ago since three years ago 句子（一般過去時） since I went to school e.g. He has gone to Beijing since 3 years ago. 現(xiàn)在完成時+ f

30、or +一段時間 for three years e.g. I have studied English for ten years. 【疑難題導析】 1)He has never _______ a pen before. A. lose B. to lose C. lost D. losing 解析 答案為C。 本題主要考查現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)對謂語動詞的要求。現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)謂語動詞的結(jié)構(gòu)是have (has)+ 過去分詞。 本題空白處需要過去分詞，這樣A、B、D都不對。 2) 誤：The twins have not

31、got home already. 正：The twins have not got home yet. 解析：本題主要考查yet 與 already的用法區(qū)別，兩個詞都是副詞，常與完成時態(tài)連用。yet 用于否定句和疑問句，提通常置于句尾；already 常用于肯定句，當用于疑問句時，表示驚訝或希望得到肯定的答復，不用于否定句中，它可以在主要動詞之前，也可置于句末。 3)Jim has been at the factory_________ two years ago. A. for B. since C. before D. after 解析

32、：答案為B。 本題主要考查時間狀語與謂語的關(guān)系。for后跟時間段表示一段時間,since 后跟時間段+ago，表示一段時間,before 表示在什么時間之前,after則表示在 什么時間之后。本句是完成時態(tài)，指自兩年前以來如何，且兩年前是個時間的（起）點，因此，此處應用since. 4)誤:I saw the film twice already. 正:I’ve seen the film twice already. 解析； 本題主要是一般過去時態(tài)與現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的概念錯誤。這電影我已看過兩遍，說明我現(xiàn)在對電影內(nèi)容很了解，故要用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。 5)______you _____ yo

33、ur watch? ----- no,______. A. Did, find out, I didn’t B. Have, found, not yet C. Have, looked for, I haven’t D.. did, find, not yet 答案選“B”。全句應用現(xiàn)在完成時，強調(diào)到現(xiàn)在為止的情況“是否找到了手表”，答語；Not yet 相當于說 I haven’t found it yet. 6)I have never seen the film ______. A. ago B. just now

34、 C. before D. later 答案選“C”。 動詞時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時，與之搭配的詞必須是Ever, never, already, yet, before, recently 等詞。而 ago, just now 等只能用于一般過去時句子中，用later意思不通 【專項練習】 一、單項選擇題 1.?How?long?have?you?_______?here?? A.?come? B.?got? C.?arrived? D.?been? 2.I have finished my homework ______. Have

35、 you finished your homework ______? A. yet, yet B. yet, already C. already, yet D. already, already 3.?Jane?has?_____?to?Beijing.?She?will?come?back?tomorrow.? A.?been? B.?gone? C.?went? D.?never?been? 4.?It?is?ten?years?_____?I?last?saw?her.? A.?a

36、fter? B.?since? C.?for? D.?that? 5. ---Who?will?go?to?the?station?to?meet?Lorry?? ? ---I?will.?I?_____ her?several?times.? A.?met? B.?have?met? ?C.?had?met? D.?will?meet? 6.?--What?a?nice?dress!?How?long?_____?you?_____?it?? ?-Just?2?weeks.?

37、 A.?will,?buy? B.?did,?buy? C.?are,?having? D.?have,?had? 7.---Do?you?know?Lydia?very?well?? ---Yes,?She?and?I?_____?friends?since?we?were?very?young.? ? A.?have?made? B.?have?become? C.?have?been D.?have?turned? 8.?The?Smiths?_______?in?China?for?8?years.?

38、 A.?has?lived? B.?lived? C.?have?been? D.?live? 9.---?Hello,?this?is?Mr.?Green?speaking.?Can?I?speak?to?Mr.?Black?? ---?Sorry.?He?______?the?Bainiao?Park.? A.?has?been?to? ?B.?has?gone?to? ?C.?went?to? D.?will?go?to? 10.?---____?you?ever?____?to?the?US??

39、 ---?Yes,?twice.? A.?Have,?gone? B.?Have,?been? C,?Do,?go? D.?were,?going 二、用所給動詞的適當形式填空 ?1. She’s________(live)here ever since she was ten. 2. Both of?them?___________?(be)?in?Hong Kong?for?ten?days.? ?3. Miss Wang__________(teach) us English last year. 4.?Half?an?hour?___

40、_______?(pass)?since?the?train?__________?(leave).? 5.?Mary________(lose)?her?pen.?________?you?_______(see)?it?here?and?there?? 6.?_________?you?_____?(find)?your?watch?yet?? 7.?---Are?you?thirsty??---No.?I?_________just?_________?(have)?some?orange.? 8.?We?______?already?_________?(return)?t

41、he?book.? 9.?________?they?_______?(build)?a?new?school?in?the?village?? 10.?I?_____________(not?finish)?my?homework?.?Can?you?help?me?? 11.?My?father?_____?(read)?the?novel?twice.? 12.?I?_________?(buy)?a?book?just?now.? 13.?I?_________?(lost?)?my?watch?yesterday.? 14. .The train__________

42、__(arrive) in half an hour. 15._________he ever________(be) to Beijing? 參考答案 一、單項選擇題 1.D 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.B 6.D 7.C 8.C 9.B 10.B 二、用所給動詞的適當形式填空. 1.?lived? 2.?have?been? 3.?taught 4.?has?passed ;??left? 5.?has?lost?;?have?seen?? 6.?Have?,?found? 7.?have?,?had? 8.?have?,?returned? 9.?Have?,?built? 10.?haven’t?finished? 11.?has?read? 12.?bought? 13.?lost? 14. .will arrive 15.Has been 11