中考英語專題復(fù)習(xí)課件 完形填空解題技巧 (共19張ppt)

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1、中考完形填空試題說明 完形填空：共完形填空：共10小題，每小題小題，每小題1分。在分。在一篇一篇150200詞的短文中留出詞的短文中留出10個(gè)空白，要個(gè)空白，要求考生從每題所給的求考生從每題所給的3個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，使補(bǔ)足后的短文意思通順、前后連貫、項(xiàng)，使補(bǔ)足后的短文意思通順、前后連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)完整。結(jié)構(gòu)完整。本部分所需時(shí)間約為本部分所需時(shí)間約為5分鐘左右。分鐘左右。完形填空是一種要求高、綜合性強(qiáng)的語言測試題，以閱讀為形式，以上下文為線索，以理解能力、詞匯知識、語法知識、習(xí)慣用法以及分析判斷能力為解題基礎(chǔ)，是一種較高層次的閱讀理解題。所選題材多樣，但都貼近學(xué)生的生活實(shí)際，具有

2、具有趣味性、教育性、思想性趣味性、教育性、思想性；體裁多以記敘文為主記敘文為主，也有說明文、議論文說明文、議論文等。所選短文其難度略低于閱讀理解題的短文。命題特點(diǎn)及選材特點(diǎn)考查范圍（1）詞語辨析、基本句型、基礎(chǔ)語法;（2）固定搭配與習(xí)慣表達(dá)；（3）閱讀理解能力和邏輯推理、判斷能力。近年來，完形填空題單純考語法的題目很少，越來越側(cè)重對綜合語言應(yīng)用能力、閱讀理解能力的考查。其中，詞匯運(yùn)用能力的考查表現(xiàn)為要求考生在一定的語境下表達(dá)詞匯的語義、詞匯的搭配，特別關(guān)注上下文的行文邏輯和相互照應(yīng)。Skill 1：context（上下文、語境）（上下文、語境）In New York,on a Friday n

3、ight,a young artist stood at the gate of a train station.He was playing his _16_.His music was so great that many people put money into his hat.The next day,the young artist came to the same place,and played the violin as usual.16.A.piano B.guitar C.violin D.saxviolinviolinSkill 1：context（上下文、語境）（上下

4、文、語境）Once a king was walking around a pool with his ministers（大臣）（大臣）.Suddenly,he came up with an idea.He asked,“How many baskets of 41 are there in the pool?”.as big as the pool,there is one basket of water41.A.fish B.flowers C.water D.applesbasket of waterwaterbaskets of When we talked,I discovere

5、d（發(fā)現(xiàn)）（發(fā)現(xiàn)）some differences in school life between the US and China.For example,each class lasts fifty minutes in the US.It is a little _44_ than that in China.We usually have forty-five minutes in each class.44.A.shorter B.longer C.earlier D.laterfiftySkill 2：logic（邏輯推理）（邏輯推理）forty-fiveSkill 2：logic（

6、邏輯推理）（邏輯推理）My mother often asked me，“What is the most important part of the body?”I thought sound was very important to us as humans，so I said“My 17 ，Mommy”She said，“NoMany people are deaf（聾的）（聾的）17.A.ears B.eyes C.body D.headsounddeaf When two people are in a conversation,the speaker will only look

7、 at the listener from time to time,in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention 48 what he or she is speaking48.A.for B.of C.with D.topay attentiontoSkill 3：regular collocation（固定搭配）（固定搭配）Skill 3：regular collocation（固定搭配）（固定搭配）In the morning,the king went to visit the pond.To his surpr

8、ise,the pond was only filled with water!What happened?Yes!Everyone had the same idea 48 that man.48.A.with B.to C.as D.ofthe sameasSkill 4：grammar analysis（語法分析）（語法分析）As a reporter,I think I will meet lots of people and I should be friendly to them.I think Ill also make many good 25 and live with th

9、em,because I dont like living alone.25.A.friend B.friends C.friends D.friendsmanysSkill 5：background knowledge（背景知識）（背景知識）All over the world people swim for fun.Swimming is enjoyed by people of 32 ages,from the very young to the very old.There are many places for people to swim in swimming pools.32.

10、A.all B.none C.some D.both完形填空試題的一般解題思路 1跳過空格、通讀全文、把握大意。先跳過空格，通讀試題所給的要完形填空的短文，獲得整體印象，即了解文章的體裁、背景、內(nèi)容、結(jié)構(gòu)，以及情節(jié)發(fā)展的前因后果；通讀全文時(shí)，盡量避免文章空格的影響，初步搞清文章的大概意思即可。不要糾纏于一句話、一個(gè)空，否則會斷章取義，進(jìn)入誤區(qū)。（時(shí)間：3分鐘）完形填空試題的一般解題思路2結(jié)合選項(xiàng)、綜合考慮、初定答案。在理解全文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，再結(jié)合所給備選項(xiàng)細(xì)讀全文，聯(lián)系上、下文內(nèi)容，注意從上、下文的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞語搭配及從選擇項(xiàng)中尋找解題的提示，以詞、句的意義為先，再從分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)入手，根據(jù)短文

11、意思、語法規(guī)則、詞語固定搭配等進(jìn)行綜合考慮，對備選項(xiàng)逐一進(jìn)行分析、比較和篩選，排除干擾項(xiàng)、初步選定答案。完形填空試題的一般解題思路3瞻前顧后、先易后難、各個(gè)擊破。動(dòng)筆時(shí)要瞻前顧后、通篇考慮、先易 后難。對比較明顯直接的、自己最有把握的答案先做，一下子不能確定答案的，先跳過這一空格，繼續(xù)往下做，最后回過頭來再集中精力解決難點(diǎn)。這時(shí)可結(jié)合已確定答案的選項(xiàng)再讀一遍短文，隨著對短文理解的深入，可以降低試題的難度，提高選擇的正確率。完形填空試題的一般解題思路4復(fù)讀全文、逐空驗(yàn)證、彌補(bǔ)疏漏。完成各道題選擇后，把所選的答案代入原文，再把全文通讀一篇，逐空認(rèn)真復(fù)查?？此x定的答案是否使短文意思前后連貫、順理成

12、章，語法結(jié)構(gòu)是否正確，是否符合習(xí)慣表達(dá)法。如發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤答案或有疑問的，應(yīng)再次推敲、反復(fù)斟酌、做出修正。1 1、跳過空格，通讀全文，掌握大意跳過空格，通讀全文，掌握大意3、復(fù)讀全文，逐個(gè)核對，驗(yàn)證答案復(fù)讀全文，逐個(gè)核對，驗(yàn)證答案2、瞻前顧后，瞻前顧后，先易后難，先易后難，各個(gè)擊破各個(gè)擊破2mins10mins2mins歷屆升中考試歷屆升中考試完形填空完形填空試題解析試題解析 根據(jù)根據(jù) 生活常識生活常識 進(jìn)行判斷進(jìn)行判斷 通過通過 邏輯推理邏輯推理 進(jìn)行判斷進(jìn)行判斷 通過通過 詞義辨異詞義辨異 進(jìn)行判斷進(jìn)行判斷 通過通過 上下文暗示上下文暗示 進(jìn)行判斷進(jìn)行判斷 根據(jù)根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)或固定搭配句子結(jié)構(gòu)或固

13、定搭配 進(jìn)行判斷進(jìn)行判斷Tips to Close Test:Tips to Close Test:1 1注重首、尾句。注重首、尾句。2 2克服畏難、急躁情緒克服畏難、急躁情緒,耐心通讀全文。耐心通讀全文。3 3切勿看到一個(gè)空格就急著選出一個(gè)答切勿看到一個(gè)空格就急著選出一個(gè)答 案，必須縱觀全文、通篇考慮。案，必須縱觀全文、通篇考慮。4 4動(dòng)筆時(shí)先易后難動(dòng)筆時(shí)先易后難,注意從文中同樣結(jié)構(gòu)或注意從文中同樣結(jié)構(gòu)或 類似結(jié)構(gòu)中尋找提示，大膽地作出猜測。類似結(jié)構(gòu)中尋找提示，大膽地作出猜測。5 5如果選項(xiàng)從語法角度無法確定，則必須從如果選項(xiàng)從語法角度無法確定，則必須從 語篇語篇(前提示、后暗示前提示、后暗示)意義上加以鑒別。意義上加以鑒別。