2019高考英語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)法專題 名詞性從句練習(xí)

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1、 名詞性從句 李仕才 考點(diǎn)一　名詞性從句(賓語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句) 1．賓語(yǔ)從句 賓語(yǔ)從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語(yǔ)的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(及物動(dòng)詞)、介詞或形容詞之后。 (1)作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ) ①由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句(that通常可以省略) Do you know(that) he has joined the army? 你知道他參軍了嗎？ ②由what，whether(if)引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句 She did not know what had happened. 她不知道發(fā)生了什么事。 注意：if引導(dǎo)的從句不能作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。 ③動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)從句 Sh

2、e told me that she would accept my invitation. 她告訴我她會(huì)接受我的邀請(qǐng)的。 (2)作介詞的賓語(yǔ) It depends on whether you can do the work well. 這取決于你是否能把工作干好。 (3)作形容詞的賓語(yǔ) I'm sure that he will pass the exam. 我確信他會(huì)通過考試。 注意：①that引導(dǎo)的從句常跟在下列形容詞后作賓語(yǔ)：anxious，aware，certain，confident，convinced，determined，glad，proud，surprise

3、d，worried，sorry，thankful，ashamed, disappointed，annoyed，pleased，satisfied，content等。 ②it不僅可以作形式主語(yǔ)，還可以作形式賓語(yǔ)，而真正的賓語(yǔ)that從句則放在句尾，特別是在帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子中。 We consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation. 他應(yīng)當(dāng)改進(jìn)他的發(fā)音，我們認(rèn)為這是有必要的。 (4)否定的轉(zhuǎn)移 若主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為think，consider，suppose，believe，expect，fancy，gue

4、ss，imagine等，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語(yǔ)上，從句謂語(yǔ)用肯定形式。 I don't think this dress fits you well. 我認(rèn)為你穿這件衣服不是很合適。 2．表語(yǔ)從句 表語(yǔ)從句是在復(fù)合句中作表語(yǔ)的名詞性從句。that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，只起引導(dǎo)作用，不在從句中作成分。 The trouble is that I have lost his address. 問題是我把他的地址丟了。 考點(diǎn)二　主語(yǔ)從句 1．英語(yǔ)中的主語(yǔ)從句在句中作主語(yǔ)，有以下兩種結(jié)構(gòu)： (1)主語(yǔ)從句位于句首。 What h

5、e wanted to see was an end to terrorism. 他想要看到的是恐怖主義的結(jié)束。 (2)主語(yǔ)從句位于句尾，使用先行詞it作形式主語(yǔ)。 It was right that the temple was rescued. 這座廟被拯救了，這是對(duì)的。 ①當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)是seem, appear, be a pity，be a wonder，be likely等時(shí)，一般使用形式主語(yǔ)it，而將真正的主語(yǔ)從句放在句尾。 It appeared to scientists on earth that the stars had moved.在地球上的科學(xué)家看來(lái)，這些星體已

6、經(jīng)移動(dòng)了。 ②在It is known...，It is said...，It is hoped...，It is believed...等慣用的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中。 It is believed that before writing was developed, people in China used to keep records by putting a number of stones together. 人們相信，在文字發(fā)明之前，中國(guó)人靠把許多石頭聚集在一起來(lái)做記錄。 注意：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)從句放在句尾而用形式主語(yǔ)時(shí)，形式主語(yǔ)只能用it，而不能使用this，that等代詞。 2．主語(yǔ)從句

7、的連接詞可以分為以下三類： (1)that, whether(if) 連接詞that本身沒有意義，不作句子成分，只表示從句的開始，位于句首時(shí)，that不能省略；whether(if)盡管不充當(dāng)句子成分，但是含有“是否”的意思，可以加上“or not”，其語(yǔ)意不變。 whether和if也有不同的用法，如果主語(yǔ)從句位于句首則必須用連接詞whether，不用if。 Whether we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. 明天我們是否去野營(yíng)取決于天氣情況。 (2)what, who(m)，which, whose, when, w

8、here, why, how 在這一類連接詞中，除了引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句之外，在從句中又分別起代詞、副詞或形容詞的作用，在從句中分別作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。 ①what、who(m)、which為連接代詞。 Who will do it doesn't matter.(連接代詞who在從句中作主語(yǔ)) 誰(shuí)去做這件事沒關(guān)系。 What we need is more water.(連接代詞what在從句中作need的賓語(yǔ)) 我們所需要的是更多的水。 Which of the two is better remains to be seen. 這兩者中哪個(gè)更好還要再看。(連接代詞wh

9、ich在從句中作主語(yǔ)) ②when, where, why, how為連接副詞。 When we will start the work is an important question. 我們什么時(shí)候開始工作是個(gè)很重要的問題。(連接副詞when在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)) Where the library is to be built has not been decided yet. 這個(gè)圖書館要建在哪里還未決定。(連接副詞where在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)) Why she was late for school is quite clear now. 她上學(xué)遲到的原因現(xiàn)在看來(lái)很清楚。

10、(連接副詞why在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)) ③whose, which, what為連接形容詞。 Which plan is better will be announced later. 哪個(gè)計(jì)劃更好，稍后會(huì)宣布。(連接形容詞which在從句中作名詞plan的定語(yǔ)) 考點(diǎn)三　同位語(yǔ)從句 1．定義 在復(fù)合句中用作同位語(yǔ)的從句叫作同位語(yǔ)從句。它一般跟在某些名詞后面，用以說(shuō)明該名詞表示的具體內(nèi)容?？梢愿徽Z(yǔ)從句的名詞通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words(

11、消息)，possibility等。 I had no idea that you were here.我不知道你在這里。 特別提示：有時(shí)同位語(yǔ)從句可以不緊跟在說(shuō)明的名詞后面，而被別的詞隔開。 The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.他突然想起可能敵人已經(jīng)逃出城了。 2．同位語(yǔ)從句的連接詞 (1)由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句。此時(shí)的引導(dǎo)詞只起連接作用，不在從句中作任何成分。 (2)由連接代詞who, which, what和連接副詞where，when, why, how引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句。此

12、時(shí)的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作相應(yīng)的成分。 The question who should go abroad required consideration.(who作主語(yǔ))誰(shuí)該出國(guó)這個(gè)問題還需要考慮。 3．同位語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)該注意的幾個(gè)問題： (1)表達(dá)“是否”的概念時(shí)，要用whether而不用if引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。 I have no idea whether you are interested in working for her.我不知道你是否愿意為她工作。 (2)分隔同位語(yǔ)從句：有時(shí)同位語(yǔ)從句與其先行詞被其他成分隔開來(lái)，這種分隔主要出于修辭原因，即為了保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡。 His prom

13、ise was along with the letter that he would visit me this coming Christmas. 信中他承諾在即將到來(lái)的圣誕節(jié)他會(huì)來(lái)拜訪我。 (3)若被同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明的名詞是下列詞語(yǔ)時(shí)，同位語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)常用“should＋do”， should常常被省略。這些詞有：建議advice, suggestion, proposal；要求demand，request, requirement；決定decision；命令order；勸告recommendation等?！? The decision that a new bridge(should

14、)be built has spread. 修建一座新橋的決定已經(jīng)傳開了。 (4)名詞doubt(懷疑)后的同位語(yǔ)從句用whether引導(dǎo)；no doubt(不懷疑)之后的同位語(yǔ)從句用that引導(dǎo)。 There is no doubt that he will keep his promise. 他將遵守他的諾言，這一點(diǎn)是毫無(wú)疑問的。 考點(diǎn)四　同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別 1．關(guān)系不同 同位語(yǔ)從句與前面的名詞是同位關(guān)系，即說(shuō)明它前面名詞的內(nèi)容；而定語(yǔ)從句與前面的名詞是修飾與被修飾關(guān)系，即限定它前面的名詞范圍，或補(bǔ)充一些情況。 The news that I have passe

15、d the exam is true. 我通過了考試這個(gè)消息是真的。 The news that he told me just now is true. 他剛才告訴我的消息是真的。 2．關(guān)系詞在句中是否做成分 The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people. 計(jì)算機(jī)能夠識(shí)別人的聲音的想法使許多人感到驚奇。(that在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分。) The idea that he gave surprises many people.他提出的觀點(diǎn)令許多人感到吃驚。 (that在從句

16、中作gave的賓語(yǔ)。) 3．從句是否有疑問的意義 Do you remember the day when I told you that I loved you? (when引導(dǎo)的從句不表示疑問，所以這是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。) I have asked the question why it was true just now. (why引導(dǎo)的從句表示疑問，所以這是一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句。) 4．主語(yǔ)從句需注意的問題 (1)語(yǔ)序：連接詞＋陳述句 主語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句等其他名詞性從句一樣要采用陳述句語(yǔ)序，而非疑問語(yǔ)序。 When we shall have our sports meet

17、has not been decided. 什么時(shí)候開運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)還沒定下來(lái)。 (2)時(shí)態(tài)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù) 如果主句是過去的時(shí)態(tài)(包括一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí))，那么從句的時(shí)態(tài)一般要用相應(yīng)的過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)，但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，不可一概而論，而要視句子的意義而定。 What I need is money.我所需要的是錢。 What I need are books.我所需要的是書。 如果由and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；由兩個(gè)或多個(gè)連接詞引導(dǎo)一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 When they will start

18、 and where they go have not been decided yet. 他們什么時(shí)候動(dòng)身以及去哪里還沒定下來(lái)。 When and where the meeting will begin has not been decided. 會(huì)議什么時(shí)間以及在哪里舉行還沒定下來(lái)。 (3)引導(dǎo)詞that的省略 從屬連詞that無(wú)意義，不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何成分，只起引導(dǎo)作用，在單個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句中的that可省略： ①引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句的連詞that不可省略。 That she was chosen made us very happy. 她被選中了，這件事使我們非常高

19、興。 ②it作形式賓語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)從句中引導(dǎo)詞that不可省略。 I think it necessary that you should read aloud. 我認(rèn)為你有必要大聲朗讀。 5. if與whether引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的異同 如果用it作形式主語(yǔ)時(shí)，if可以引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，放在句末；如果主語(yǔ)從句放在句首時(shí)，不能用if引導(dǎo)，要用whether。 It is doubtful if he has received your letter. 他是否收到了你的信件令人懷疑。 Whether it is true remains a problem. 這件事是否真實(shí)還仍然是個(gè)問題。

20、 6．whatever/whoever/whichever的功用 whatever/whoever/whichever在主語(yǔ)從句中不含疑問意義，引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。whatever＝anything that；whoever＝anyone who；whichever ＝ anything which。 Whoever breaks the law should be punished. ＝ Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. 不管誰(shuí)犯法都應(yīng)受到懲罰。 牛刀小試 完成句子 1．You are sayi

21、ng that everyone should be equal, and this is __where__I disagree. 2．I think father would like to know __what__ I've been up to so far, so I decided to send him a quick note. 3．I've learnt __that,__no matter what happens and how bad __it__seems today, life goes on and it will be better tomorrow.

22、4．—It's wrong for a student to follow __whatever__his teachers say. —It's true.I can't agree more. 5．Determination is a kind of basic quality and is __what__it takes to do jobs well. 6.__What__ surprised me most was __that__ they had finished it so quickly. 7．It has been proved again and again

23、__that__ frequent advertising increases product sales. 8．—It remains to be seen __whether__ the plan can be put into practice. —It depends on your determination. 9．If you take a job as a journalist, it goes without saying __that__ sometimes you'll have to work at weekends. 10．When I try to unde

24、rstand __what__ it is that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me __that__ there are quite a few causes. 11．The fact__that__she works hard is well known to us all. 12．I've come from the government with a message__that__the meeting won't be held tomorrow. 13．A warm thought suddenly came to me __that__ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother's birthday. 14．I can't stand the terrible noise__that__she is crying loudly. 15．He often asked me the question__whether__the work was worth doing. 8