2019高考英語(yǔ)一輪基礎(chǔ)自練題 Unit 2 The United Kingdom（含解析）新人教版必修5

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1、 The United Kingdom 李仕才 一、閱讀理解。 Wouldn’t it be wonderful to travel to a foreign country without having to worry about the headache of communicating in a different language? In a recent article from The Wall Street Journal, technology policy expert Alec Ross argued that，within a decade or so, we

2、’ll be able to communicate with one another via small earpieces with built-in microphones. That’s because technological progress is extremely rapid.It’s only a matter of time. Indeed, some parents are so convinced that this technology is imminent that they’re wondering if their kids should eve

3、n learn a second language. It’s true that an increase in the quantity and accuracy of the data loaded into computers will make them cleverer at translating “No es bueno dormir mucho” as “It’s not good to sleep too much”. Replacing a word with its equivalent(對(duì)應(yīng)詞) in the target language is actually t

4、he “easy part” of a translator’s job.But even this seems to be a discouraging task for computers. It’s so difficult for computers because translation doesn’t —or shouldn’t—involve simply translating words, sentences or paragraphs. Rather, it’s about translating meaning. And in order to infer meani

5、ng from a specific expression, humans have to interpret a mass of information at the same time. Think about all the related clues that go into understanding an expression: volume, gesture, situation, and even your culture. All are likely to convey as much meaning as the words you use. Therefore ，

6、we should be very skeptical of a machine that is unable to interpret the world around us. If people from different cultures can offend each other without realizing it, how can we expect a machine to do better? Unless engineers actually find a way to breathe a soul into a computer, undoubtedly when i

7、t comes to conveying and interpreting meaning using a natural language, a machine will never fully take our place. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　技術(shù)專(zhuān)家說(shuō)隨著技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，即時(shí)翻譯機(jī)器將在大約十年內(nèi)出現(xiàn)在市場(chǎng)上。但是，由于翻譯包括很多方面，因此電腦翻譯不會(huì)精確，也不會(huì)完全取代人類(lèi)的翻譯。 1．What does the underlined word “imminent” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Ready.　　　　　　 B．Approaching.

8、 C．Helpful. D．Advanced. B　解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞所在句的前一句并結(jié)合第二段的第一句可知，這種產(chǎn)品在大約十年內(nèi)會(huì)在市場(chǎng)上出現(xiàn)，再結(jié)合畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞后的“that they’re wondering if their kids should even learn a second language”可以判斷，這種產(chǎn)品即將出現(xiàn)，家長(zhǎng)們?cè)诳紤]他們的孩子是否要學(xué)習(xí)一門(mén)外語(yǔ)。據(jù)此可知，畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞意為“即將發(fā)生的；臨近的”，故B項(xiàng)正確。 2．Why is it hard for computers to replace a word with its equivalent? A．

9、Their data is not adequate enough. B．The real meaning of words can vary. C．Their accuracy needs big improvement. D．A soul hasn’t been breathed in them. B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“It’s so difficult for computers because translation doesn’t—or shouldn’t ... paragraphs.”并結(jié)合第五段的內(nèi)容可知，由于一個(gè)表達(dá)的意思可能有很多，所以電腦難以用某個(gè)對(duì)

10、應(yīng)詞去代替一個(gè)詞，故B項(xiàng)正確。 3．What view does the author hold about translation? A．Proper translation can be tough for humans. B．Slight distinctions matter little in translation. C．Some machines will interpret our world properly. D．Cultures deserve more attention than words used. A　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“If peop

11、le from different cultures can offend each other without realizing it，how can we expect a machine to do better？”可知，來(lái)自不同文化背景的人會(huì)互相冒犯卻沒(méi)有意識(shí)到；據(jù)此可以判斷，由于文化背景不同，恰當(dāng)?shù)姆g對(duì)于人來(lái)講是很困難的，故A項(xiàng)正確。 4．What is the best title for the text? A．An Expert’s Precise Prediction B．The Complexity of Translation C．Who Will Be a

12、Better Translator? D．Will Language Barrier Actually Fall? D　解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了未來(lái)的一種即時(shí)翻譯機(jī)器，但是同時(shí)提出由于語(yǔ)言中有許多對(duì)應(yīng)詞，這種機(jī)器無(wú)法精確翻譯。另外因?yàn)槲幕尘暗牟煌袝r(shí)人們自己也無(wú)法精確地翻譯。據(jù)此可以判斷，作者旨在說(shuō)明在將來(lái)能否消除語(yǔ)言障礙，故D項(xiàng)最適合作本文標(biāo)題。 二、語(yǔ)法填空。 In Britain someone who helps children cross the street __1__ (call)“l(fā)ollipop person”， because the

13、ir sign looks like a lollipop (棒棒糖)． The job of a lollipop person is to walk to the middle of the road at a(n) __2__ (suit) time, holding up the sign. It is a legal __3__ (require) for traffic to stop at this command. The lollipop person will signal that it is all right to cross the road __4__ (saf

14、e). Traffic may only move once the sign has been lowered. Generally speaking, school crossings are manned for approximately 3 hours a day or less. As a result, the work has always appealed more __5__ people seeking to supplement their income such as __6__ retired. Lollipop people were introduced t

15、o enable policemen, __7__ had previously run crossing patrols (巡邏), to perform other duties. The earliest lollipops were red and black rectangles __8__ (say)“Stop, children crossing.” In 2001 in Europe patrollers were given extra powers allowing them __9__ (assist) adults with crossing, too. The mo

16、st recent change in the history of the School Crossing Patrol saw the word “children” __10__ (replace) with a symbol to bring the UK in line with the rest of the EU (歐盟)． 1．________ 　2.________ 　3.________ 　4.________ 　5.________ 　6.________ 　7.________ 　8.________ 　9.________ 　10.________ 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本

17、文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了英國(guó)協(xié)助交通的交通安全員的情況。 1．is called　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)以及主謂一致。此處描述的是客觀事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；call意為“把……叫作”，與主語(yǔ)someone之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；因主語(yǔ)someone是單數(shù)概念，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。故填is called。 2．suitable　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處表示“一個(gè)合適的時(shí)間”，應(yīng)用形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞time。故填suitable。 3．requirement　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處表示“一個(gè)合法的要求”。形容詞legal用來(lái)修飾名詞，其前有冠詞a，故用require的名詞形式requirem

18、ent。 4．safely　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處表示“安全地過(guò)馬路”，應(yīng)用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)cross the road，故用safe的副詞形式safely。 5．to　考查介詞。appeal to意為“吸引”，為固定短語(yǔ)。故填to。 6．the　考查冠詞?！皌he＋形容詞”表示一類(lèi)人。the retired意為“退休的人”，符合語(yǔ)境。故填the。 7．who　考查定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞?？崭裉幰龑?dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，在從句“__7__ had previously run crossing patrols (巡邏)”中作主語(yǔ)，指人，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)從句。 8．saying　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

19、?？崭裉幾骱笾枚ㄕZ(yǔ)，say與被修飾的名詞“red and black rectangles”之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，意為“寫(xiě)著”。故填say的現(xiàn)在分詞形式saying。 9．to assist　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。allow sb. to do sth. 意為“允許某人做某事”，是固定結(jié)構(gòu)。故填to assist。 10．replaced　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處表示“看見(jiàn)單詞‘children’被一個(gè)符號(hào)代替”，replace與saw的賓語(yǔ)“the word”之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用replace的過(guò)去分詞形式，作saw的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。故填replaced。 三、完形填空。 It is now thi

20、rty-five years since I，as a little boy of six，was left quite alone in the world.You sent me word 1 you would give me a home and be a kind mother to me.I have never forgotten the day when I made the long 2 of ten miles to your house in North Killingworth.I can still recall my 3 when，instead of

21、coming for me yourself，you sent servant James to 4 me. I well remember my tears and 5 as，seated high on your horse and attached tight to James，I rode off to my new home.Night 6 before we finished the journey，and as it grew dark I became lonely and afraid.“Do you think she’ll go to bed 7 we g

22、et there？”I asked James anxiously.“Oh，no，”he said encouragingly.“She’ll 8 for you.When we get out of these woods you’ll see her candle 9 in the window.” 10 we did ride out into the clearing，and there，sure enough，was your 11 ．I remember you were waiting at the door，that you put your arms close

23、 12 me and that you lifted me—a tired and confused little boy— 13 from the horse.You had a fire burning on the hearth(爐邊)，a hot supper 14 on the stove.After supper you took me to my new room，heard me say my prayers，and then sat beside me until I fell asleep. You probably realize why I am 15

24、 all this.Some day soon God will take you to a new home.Don’t fear the 16 for the strange journey，or the dark messenger of death who will fetch you.God can be 17 to do as much for you as you were kind enough to do for me so many years ago，and you will be 18 in God’s care.I shall watch you and p

25、ray for you till you are out of sight, 19 wait for the day when I shall make the same journey myself and find you waiting at the end of the road to 20 me. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文主要講述了作者對(duì)母親的回憶。 1．A.why　　　　　　　　 B．that C．how D．when B　解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，對(duì)空前的word進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，that在從句中不作句子成分。 2．A.journey B．

26、tour C．ride D．a(chǎn)dventure A　解析：根據(jù)空后的“of ten miles to your house”可知，作者當(dāng)時(shí)走了很長(zhǎng)的路，journey“(尤指長(zhǎng)途的)旅行，旅程”符合語(yǔ)境，且與下文的“before we finished the journey”呼應(yīng)。 3．A.disappointment B．excitement C．embarrassment D．a(chǎn)mazement A　解析：根據(jù)“instead of coming for me yourself，you sent servant James to ___________ me”可推知，

27、作者的母親派仆人而不是親自來(lái)接作者，這讓作者感到失望。 4．A.fetch B．comfort C．contact D．a(chǎn)ccompany A　解析：參見(jiàn)上題解析。fetch“(去)拿來(lái)，(去)請(qǐng)來(lái)”。 5．A.calmness B．pleasure C．contentment D．a(chǎn)nxiety D　解析：結(jié)合空后的“seated high on your horse and attached tight to James，I rode off to my new home”可推知，作者當(dāng)時(shí)感到緊張。 6．A.went B．dropped C．fell D．end

28、ed C　解析：根據(jù)“and as it grew dark”可推知，作者還沒(méi)有到新家，天就黑了下來(lái)。 7．A.after B．before C．since D．when B　解析：結(jié)合“I asked James anxiously”可推知，作者擔(dān)心母親在他們到達(dá)前就休息了。 8．A.sit down B．stand out C．stay up D．come over C　解析：根據(jù)上文的“Do you think she’ll go to bed”以及James的否定回答可推知，母親不會(huì)睡覺(jué)，等著作者。stay up表示“深夜不睡，熬夜”。 9．A.disappea

29、ring B．standing C．fading D．shining D　解析：根據(jù)空前的“see her candle”可推知，作者將會(huì)看到窗子里亮著的蠟燭。 10．A.Lately B．Shortly C．Recently D．Meanwhile B　解析：結(jié)合空后的“we did ride out into the clearing”以及上文的“When we get out of these woods you’ll see her candle ___________ in the window.”可知，不久后作者他們就穿過(guò)了樹(shù)林。 11．A.heart B

30、．mind C．candle D．gift C　解析：與上文的“When we get out of these woods you’ll see her candle ___________ in the window.”呼應(yīng)，作者他們穿過(guò)了森林，看到了蠟燭。 12．A.at B．in C．for D．a(chǎn)round D　解析：put one’s arms around sb.為固定用法，意為“摟住某人”，符合語(yǔ)境，故用介詞around。 13．A.down B．up C．out D．a(chǎn)way A　解析：根據(jù)“from the horse”可知，作者被母親從馬上抱

31、了下來(lái)。 14．A.staying B．waiting C．heating D．burning B　解析：根據(jù)“You had a fire burning on the hearth(爐邊)”可推知，熱氣騰騰的晚餐已經(jīng)就緒。 15．A.warning B．informing C．reminding D．recalling D　解析：根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，作者是在回憶，上文的“I can still recall”也是提示。 16．A.calling B．instruction C．evidence D．guidance A　解析：根據(jù)下文的“or the dark

32、messenger of death who will fetch you”可推知，此處表示召喚。 17．A.permitted B．proved C．trusted D．a(chǎn)sked C　解析：根據(jù)下文的“in God’s care”可推知，上帝是可靠的，值得信賴(lài)的，與“as you were kind enough to do for me so many years ago”呼應(yīng)。 18．A.nervous B．joyful C．desperate D．safe D　解析：結(jié)合空前的“Don’t fear”及下文的“in God’s care”可推知，在上帝的關(guān)照下是安

33、全的。 19．A.or rather B．in case C．a(chǎn)nd then D．let alone C　解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，空處前后表示邏輯上的承接關(guān)系，故選C。 20．A.accept B．greet C．a(chǎn)pprove D．bother B　解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示迎接，故選B。 四、短文改錯(cuò)。 Last month, I, as well as my parents, were invited to my uncle's home in the United States. My uncle, moved to America when I was fi

34、ve, has been living there for nearly ten years. She met us at the airport. I was exciting when I set my foot on the land of America. In the followed days, we visited some places of interest and took photos in the front of the Statue of Liberty. We all enjoyed visiting the Museum of Natural History s

35、o it enriched our knowledge great. For me, this is one of the most rewarding trips which I have ever made in my life and I am looking forward to go there again. 答案： Last month, I, as well as my parents, invited to my uncle's home in the United States. My uncle, moved to America when I was five,

36、 has been living there for nearly ten years. met us at the airport. I was when I set my foot on the land of America. In the days, we visited some places of interest and took photos in front of the Statue of Liberty. We all enjoyed visiting the Museum of Natural History it enriched our knowledge

37、 . For me, this is one of the most rewarding trips I have ever made in my life and I am looking forward to there again. 難項(xiàng)分析： 第一處：were→was　考查主謂一致。主語(yǔ)后接as well as引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)由前面的主語(yǔ)來(lái)決定。故were改為was。 第四處：exciting→excited　考查形容詞。此處指人內(nèi)心的感受，所以用-ed結(jié)尾的形容詞。故exciting改為excited。 第九處：which→that　考查定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。先行詞

38、前由形容詞最高級(jí)修飾，關(guān)系詞只能用that不能用which。 五、七選五 Want to live in a perfectly clean environment and make it shine brightly? 1. Then you will not need to purchase expensive cleaning products. Clean the toilet with Coke. It’s amazing how powerful Coke might be as a toilet cleaner. 2. You’ll save your

39、health by not consuming chemicals that Coke contains and save money by not purchasing professional cleaners. Pour some cola over the stains and leave it all for a few hours. Then let water wash the toilet! Remove water stains with orange peels. You’ve just eaten an orange. 3. Do not throw away

40、those orange peels. You can use the skins to clean stainless steel. Your appliances will shine again after you rub(擦) them with the skins. The peels can easily make those stubborn stains disappear in a second. Use banana peels to polish leather furniture. Experts claim that banana peels are great f

41、or polishing leather sofas and armchairs. Banana skins are rich in oils and have the right texture to do the task. 4. Afterwards, remove the leftover with a cloth. This trick is simple and cheap. Use it if you want your leather furniture to look brand new again. 5． Why would you want to buy

42、 one when you can make your own product that is cheap and non-toxic(無(wú)毒的)? Just pour 2 liters of slightly warm water into a deep bowl. Then add 50ml white vinegar and half a teaspoon of dishwashing liquid. Shake the bowl and then fill up a plastic spray with the mixture. Use it to clean windows and m

43、irrors. Make your glass surfaces clean and shiny. A．Wait a minute! B．Make your own glass cleaner. C．Follow the steps given below. D．Of course your answer is “yes”． E．They leave no marks or scratches. F．Instead of drinking it, use it to clean the toilet bowl. G．They are economical and safe to

44、use on all of furniture. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。想生活在一個(gè)干凈的生活環(huán)境中、讓一切光潔發(fā)亮嗎？那就按照以下步驟來(lái)做吧。無(wú)需購(gòu)買(mǎi)昂貴的清潔用品，只需要一些小妙招。 1．C　解析：根據(jù)空前的“Want to live in a perfectly clean environment and make it shine brightly？”和空后的“Then you will not need to purchase expensive cleaning products.”以及接下來(lái)列舉的幾條小妙招可知，C項(xiàng)“跟著以下步驟做”能起到承上啟下的作用。 2．F

45、　解析：本段講的是用可樂(lè)清理廁所，故F項(xiàng)“你可以不喝可樂(lè)，而是用之清潔馬桶”符合語(yǔ)境。 3．A　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“Do not throw away those orange peels.”可知，吃了橘子后，稍等片刻，不要扔掉橘子皮，你可以用之清理不銹鋼。所以選A。 4．E　解析：根據(jù)上文中的“Banana skins are rich in oils and have the right texture to do the task.”可知香蕉皮富含油脂，材質(zhì)也非常適合擦拭皮質(zhì)，使污痕或劃痕統(tǒng)統(tǒng)不見(jiàn)。所以選E。 5．B　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“you can make your own product that is cheap and non-toxic(無(wú)毒的)？”“Use it to clean windows and mirrors. Make your glass surfaces clean and shiny.”可知，本段講的是如何自制玻璃清潔劑，故B項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。 9