2020版高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí) 課時(shí)作業(yè)21 Unit 1 Great scientists（含解析）新人教版必修5

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1、課 時(shí) 作 業(yè)　 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 (2019·康杰中學(xué)高三模擬) The year 2018 will mark the 100th anniversary of the deadliest influenza outbreak in history. It is estimated that the influenza pandemic(瘟疫) of 1918 killed more than 50 million people around the world. Other estimates go much higher. Because of a lack of medical

2、record-keeping, we may never know the exact number. The influenza was a fast killer. Some victims died within hours of their first symptoms. Others died after a few days. “Their lungs filled with liquid and they choked to death.”The 1918 flu pandemic was also different from other outbreaks. It stru

3、ck many young, healthy people. Viruses usually affect sick or old people. Although modern medicine effectively controls many diseases, influenza remains difficult to protect against. The World Health Organization estimates that every year influenza kills 250,000 to 500,000 people around the world.

4、Each year, medical scientists develop flu vaccines(疫苗) which offer immunity(免疫)from some influenza viruses. But they can only guess which form of the virus will spread. Health officials remain concerned about another flu pandemic. New forms of the flu virus appear regularly. One example was the “sw

5、ine flu”or H1N1 outbreak in 2009. Anthony Fauci, Director of the National Institute of Infectious Diseases in the United States says that virus caused a true pandemic. To stop the next pandemic, scientists are now researching how to create a universal influenza vaccine. In October 2017, Vanderbilt

6、University Medical Center in the US announced the Universal Influenza Vaccine Initiative. The university said researchers are leading an international effort to develop a universal influenza vaccine that will protect everyone against all forms of the flu anywhere in the world. The university added t

7、hat researchers will begin tests in early 2018, and the Human Vaccines Project, a public-private partnership, is funding the project. However, until a universal influenza vaccine is available, today's seasonal flu vaccine remains important. 2018將是歷史上最致命的流感爆發(fā)的第100周年紀(jì)念。1918年的流感大流行導(dǎo)致全世界超過5 000萬人死亡?？梢娏?/p>

8、感病毒比戰(zhàn)爭更致命。為了阻止下一次大流行， 科學(xué)家們正在研究如何制造一種通用流感疫苗。 1．What do we know about the influenza in 1918? A．It swept across the whole Europe. B．No one survived the first few days. C．It killed the largest number of people. D．It struck only young and healthy people. 答案：C 解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)The year 2018 will mark the

9、 100th anniversary of the deadliest influenza outbreak in history. It is estimated that the influenza pandemic (瘟疫) of 1918 killed more than 50 million people around the world.得知2018將是歷史上最致命的流感爆發(fā)的第100周年紀(jì)念?？茖W(xué)家估計(jì)， 1918年的流感大流行導(dǎo)致全世界超過5 000萬人死亡。故選C。 2．Why is influenza difficult to protect against? A．It

10、 spreads too rapidly. B．It is quite easy to catch. C．No vaccine is available. D．It's hard to judge the form of virus. 答案：D 解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Each year, medical scientists develop flu vaccines... But they can only guess which form of the virus will spread. 得知每年， 醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)家都在研制流感疫苗。但他們只能猜測病毒的哪種菌株會(huì)傳播?？梢酝茢喑隽鞲腥?/p>

11、然難以抵御是因?yàn)閷＜也荒艽_定病毒的形式，故選D。 3．What does the author want to tell by mentioning H1N1 in 2009? A．New forms of flu virus keeps appearing. B．It was the most serious in recent years. C．It was caused by the same flu virus of 1918. D．The H1N1 virus was deadly as well. 答案：A 解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)Health officials re

12、main concerned about another flu pandemic. New forms of the flu virus appear regularly. One example was the “swine flu” or H1N1 outbreak in 2009.得知衛(wèi)生官員仍對另一場流感大流行感到擔(dān)憂。新的流感病毒菌株定期出現(xiàn)。其中一個(gè)例子是2009年的“豬流感”或甲型H1N1流感疫情。得知舉例是為了說明新的流感病毒還在不斷出現(xiàn)，故選A。 4．What can we learn about the universal influenza vaccine? A．T

13、he development is quite costly. B．It will be used all over the world. C．It can protect against all forms of flu. D．It will soon come into use in 2018. 答案：C 解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)The university said researchers are leading an international effort to develop a universal influenza vaccine that will protect e

14、veryone against all forms of the flu anywhere in the world...得知研究人員正在“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)國際社會(huì)努力研制一種通用流感疫苗， 以保護(hù)每個(gè)人抵御世界上任何地方的流感病毒”，故選C。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2019·云南省昆明市高三摸底調(diào)研) You may always hear about people who knew exactly what they wanted to do with their life from the time they were in kindergarten. I hadn't considered lot

15、s of career __1__ when I graduated from high school. Like most students who earn good grades in math and science classes, I found people __2__ me to be an engineer. But all of that changed when I went to my __3__. I will never forget the feeling of walking into my very first Biology __4__. I nervou

16、sly found a seat and waited for the type of __5__ you see in TV shows, old and strict. What I got was exactly __6__. Dr Espinoza was a caring and __7__ teacher, and two terms of her classes made me fall in love with Biology. Her exciting classes made me __8__ that I had other choices besides being a

17、(n) __9__. It meant I was headed for a career in biological research. __10__ Dr Espinoza and many other professors like her, I found that scientists aren't just what you __11__ on the National Geographic channel. They are real people who answer real questions and __12__ real problems. This led me t

18、o seek out __13__ to do real science projects and see if I __14__ it. While I was at university, I learned how to ask good questions，how to __15__ experiments and collect data, and how to share what I learned with people. As it __16__ I loved every minute of it. Falling in love with __17__ was a l

19、ong process for me, but it led me to a job I love. Like the science itself, my journey toward being a scientist was __18__ , but helped along by many teachers and professors who __19__ me the way. Now, I try my best to learn new things and __20__ new knowledge. 本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者是怎樣愛上生物學(xué)，成為一名科學(xué)家的。就像科

20、學(xué)本身一樣，作者成為一名科學(xué)家的旅程也很緩慢，但許多老師和教授向作者展示了這條路?，F(xiàn)在，作者盡最大的努力去學(xué)習(xí)新的東西，創(chuàng)造新的知識(shí)。 1．A.development B．difficulty C．choices D．requirements 答案：C 解析：考查名詞。A.development發(fā)展；B.difficulty困難；C.choices選擇；D.requirements需要。根據(jù) I hadn't considered lots of career __1__ when I graduated from high school. 可知，當(dāng)我從高中畢業(yè)的時(shí)候，我沒有考

21、慮過很多職業(yè)選擇。故選C。 2．A.appointing B．forcing C．a(chǎn)llowing D．encouraging 答案：D 解析：考查動(dòng)詞。A.appointing任命；B.forcing強(qiáng)迫；C.allowing允許；D.encouraging鼓勵(lì)。根據(jù)Like most students who earn good grades in math and science classes，I found people __2__ me to be an engineer. 可知，像大多數(shù)在數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)課上取得好成績的學(xué)生一樣，我發(fā)現(xiàn)人們鼓勵(lì)我成為一名工程師。故選D。

22、3．A.university B．office C．room D．lab 答案：A 解析：考查名詞。A.university大學(xué)；B.office辦公室；C.room房間；D.lab實(shí)驗(yàn)室。根據(jù)But all of that changed when I went to my __3__.可知，但當(dāng)我上大學(xué)的時(shí)候，一切都變了。故選A。 4．A.experiment B．lecture C．test D．teamwork 答案：B 解析：考查名詞。A.experiment實(shí)驗(yàn)；B.lecture演講；C.test測試；D.teamwork團(tuán)隊(duì)合作。根據(jù)I will neve

23、r forget the feeling of walking into my very first Biology __4__.可知，我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我第一次生物學(xué)講座的感覺。故選B。 5．A.agent B．volunteer C．host D．professor 答案：D 解析：考查名詞。A.agent代理人；B.volunteer志愿者；C.host主持人；D.professor教授。根據(jù)I nervously found a seat and waited for the type of __5__ you see in TV shows，old and strict. 可

24、知，我緊張地找到了一個(gè)座位，等待著你在電視節(jié)目中看到的那種年長而嚴(yán)格的教授。故選D。 6．A.opposite B．traditional C．typical D．similar 答案：A 解析：考查形容詞。A.opposite相反的；B.traditional傳統(tǒng)的；C.typical典型的；D.similar相似的。根據(jù)What I got was exactly __6__.可知，我得到的結(jié)果正好相反。故選A。 7．A.average B．casual C．enthusiastic D．severe 答案：C 解析：考查形容詞。A.average平均的；B.cas

25、ual隨便的；C.enthusiastic熱情的；D.severe嚴(yán)重的。根據(jù)Dr Espinoza was a caring and __7__ teacher，and two terms of her classes made me fall in love with Biology. 可知，Dr Espinoza是一位充滿愛心和熱情的老師，她的兩學(xué)期的課讓我愛上了生物學(xué)。故選C。 8．A.realize B．regret C．refuse D．recall 答案：A 解析：考查動(dòng)詞。A.realize意識(shí)到；B.regret后悔；C.refuse拒絕；D.recall 回想起

26、。根據(jù)Her exciting classes made me __8__ that I had other choices besides being a(n) __9__.可知，她激動(dòng)人心的課程讓我意識(shí)到，除了做工程師之外，我還有其他選擇。故選A。 9．A.lawyer B．educator C．scholar D．engineer 答案：D 解析：考查名詞。A.lawyer律師；B.educator教育家；C.scholar學(xué)者；D.engineer工程師。根據(jù)Her exciting classes made me __8__ that I had other choice

27、s besides being a(n) __9__.可知，她激動(dòng)人心的課程讓我意識(shí)到，除了做工程師之外，我還有其他選擇。故選D。 10．A.As to B．Due to C．On behalf of D．In spite of 答案：B 解析：考查詞組。A.As to至于；B.Due to由于；C.On behalf of 代表；D.In spite of盡管。根據(jù) __10__ Dr Espinoza and many other professors like her，I found that scientists aren't just what you __11__ on

28、 the National Geographic channel. 可知，由于Dr Espinoza和其他許多像她一樣的教授，我發(fā)現(xiàn)科學(xué)家不僅僅是你在the National Geographic channel學(xué)到的那樣。故選B。 11．A.take care of B．make fun of C．learn about D．search for 答案：C 解析：考查動(dòng)詞詞組。A.take care of照顧；B.make fun of取笑；C.learn about了解；D.search for尋找。根據(jù) __10__ Dr Espinoza and many other pr

29、ofessors like her，I found that scientists aren't just what you __11__ on the National Geographic channel. 可知，由于Dr Espinoza和其他許多像她一樣的教授，我發(fā)現(xiàn)科學(xué)家不僅僅是你在the National Geographic channel學(xué)到的那樣。故選C。 12．A.solve B．bring C．raise D．ignore 答案：A 解析：考查動(dòng)詞。A.solve解決；B.bring拿來；C.raise提高；D.ignore忽視。根據(jù)They are real

30、 people who answer real questions and __12__ real problems. 可知，他們是真正的人，他們回答真正的問題，解決真正的問題。故選A。 13．A.concepts B．opportunities C．faith D．a(chǎn)mbition 答案：B 解析：考查名詞。A.concepts概念；B.opportunities機(jī)會(huì)；C.faith信仰；D.ambition雄心。根據(jù)This led me to seek out __13__ to do real science projects and see if I __14__ it.

31、 可知，這讓我尋找機(jī)會(huì)去做真正的科學(xué)項(xiàng)目，看看我是否喜歡它。故選B。 14．A.enjoyed B．doubted C．recommended D．a(chǎn)cknowledged 答案：A 解析：考查動(dòng)詞。A.enjoyed喜愛；B.doubted懷疑；C.recommended 推薦；D.acknowledged獲得。根據(jù)This led me to seek out __13__ to do real science projects and see if I __14__ it. 可知，這讓我尋找機(jī)會(huì)去做真正的科學(xué)項(xiàng)目，看看我是否喜歡它。故選A。 15．A.replace B．

32、predict C．conduct D．copy 答案：C 解析：考查動(dòng)詞。A.replace替代；B.predict預(yù)測；C.conduct管理；D.copy復(fù)制。根據(jù)While I was at university，I learned how to ask good questions，how to __15__ experiments and collect data，and how to share what I learned with people. 可知，當(dāng)我在大學(xué)的時(shí)候，我學(xué)會(huì)了如何問好問題，如何進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)和收集數(shù)據(jù)，以及如何與人分享我學(xué)到的東西。故選C。 16．A.

33、came about B．broke up C．set off D．turned out 答案：D 解析：考查動(dòng)詞詞組。A.came about產(chǎn)生；B.broke up分手，結(jié)束；C.set off出發(fā)；D.turned out結(jié)果是。根據(jù)As it __16__ I loved every minute of it. 可知，正如結(jié)果所示，我喜歡它的每一分鐘。故選D。 17．A.literature B．science C．language D．a(chǎn)rt 答案：B 解析：考查名詞。A.literature文學(xué)；B.science科學(xué)；C.language 語言；D.art

34、藝術(shù)。根據(jù)Falling in love with __17__ was a long process for me，but it led me to a job I love. 可知，愛上科學(xué)對我來說是一個(gè)漫長的過程，但它讓我找到了一份我喜歡的工作。故選B。 18．A.precious B．smooth C．beneficial D．slow 答案：D 解析：考查形容詞。A.precious珍貴的；B.smooth順利的；C.beneficial有益的；D.slow慢的。根據(jù)Like the science itself，my journey toward being a sci

35、entist was __18__ ，but helped along by many teachers and professors who __19__ me the way. 可知，就像科學(xué)本身一樣，我作為一名科學(xué)家的旅程也很緩慢，但在許多老師和教授的幫助下，他們向我展示了這條路。故選D。 19．A.promised B．showed C．left D．a(chǎn)warded 答案：B 解析：考查動(dòng)詞。A.promised許諾；B.showed出示；C.left離開；D.awarded得到回報(bào)。根據(jù)Like the science itself，my journey toward b

36、eing a scientist was __18__ ，but helped along by many teachers and professors who __19__ me the way. 可知，就像科學(xué)本身一樣，我作為一名科學(xué)家的旅程也很緩慢，但在許多老師和教授的幫助下，他們向我展示了這條路。故選B。 20．A.record B．a(chǎn)dmire C．create D．forget 答案：C 解析：考查動(dòng)詞。A.record記錄；B.admire欽佩；C.create創(chuàng)造；D.forget忘記。根據(jù)Now，I try my best to learn new things

37、 and __20__ new knowledge. 可知，現(xiàn)在，我盡我最大的努力去學(xué)習(xí)新的東西，創(chuàng)造新的知識(shí)。故選C。 Ⅲ.語法填空 (2019·晉城市一中模擬) Styrofoam is plastic __1__ a bad reputation.It cannot be recycled without releasing (釋放) dangerous pollutants into the air. The US Environmental Protection Agency __2__ (say) it is the fifth largest creator of dang

38、erous waste. Scientists from the US and China have discovered that mealworm can digest plastic. One mealworm can digest a pill-sized amount of plastic a day.Study co-author Wei-Min Wu says that in 24 hours, the plastic __3__ (turn) into carbon dioxide. Are the worms hurt by __4__ (eat) plastic? Th

39、e study found that worms eating Styrofoam were as __5__ (health) as worms eating bran (糠)． Styrofoam is a lightweight material, about 95 percent air, with very good insulation properties (絕緣性), according to Earthsource.org. It is used in products from __6__ (cup) that keep your drinks hot or cold t

40、o packaging materials __7__ protect items during shipping. “Solving __8__ problem of plastic pollution is important. Landfill space is becoming limited，” says Wu, a Stanford University environmental engineering instructor. About 33 million tons of plastic are thrown away in the United States every

41、 year. Plastic plates, cups and containers take __9__ 25 percent to 30 percent of space in America's landfills. One Styrofoam cup takes more than 1 million years __10__ (recycle) in a landfill, according to Cleveland State University. 本文主要講了聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料是一種名聲極壞的塑料，是第五大有毒廢棄物的源頭。循環(huán)利用該塑料時(shí)，該塑料會(huì)釋放有危害的污染物。解決塑

42、料污染問題迫在眉睫。中美兩國的科學(xué)家都已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)黃粉蟲可消化塑料。 1．with　解析：考查介詞。with a bad reputation形容名聲極壞，為固定結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：聚苯乙烯是一種名聲極壞的泡沫塑料。故填with。 2．says　解析：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：美國環(huán)境保護(hù)署表示該塑料是第五大有毒廢棄物的源頭。文章介紹的是聚苯乙烯，用的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，而且句子的主語是The US Environmental Protection Agency，故填says。 3．is_turned　解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：該研究合著者吳偉民(音譯)表示，24小時(shí)之內(nèi)，塑料就轉(zhuǎn)化為二氧化碳了。此處要用

43、turn的謂語形式，聚苯乙烯是被黃粉蟲消化而轉(zhuǎn)化成二氧化碳的，故用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，句子的主語是the plastic，故填is turned。 4．eating　解析：考查動(dòng)名詞。句意：黃粉蟲是否會(huì)因?yàn)檫M(jìn)食塑料而受害呢？此處eat位于介詞by的后面，要用動(dòng)名詞作賓語，故填eating。 5．healthy　解析：考查形容詞。句意：該研究發(fā)現(xiàn)進(jìn)食聚苯乙烯塑料泡沫的黃粉蟲與進(jìn)食麩皮的黃粉蟲一樣健康。此空位于were之后，要用形容詞作表語，故填healthy。 6．cups　解析：考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：塑料通常用于各類產(chǎn)品，從用于熱飲保溫冷飲冷藏的杯子，到運(yùn)輸過程中保護(hù)物品的包裝材料。此處cup為先行

44、詞，其后的定語從句謂語動(dòng)詞用了keep，所以先行詞應(yīng)該是復(fù)數(shù)，即cup要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填cups。 7．that/which　解析：考查定語從句關(guān)系代詞。句子的后半句為定語從句，先行詞是packaging materials，指物，在定語從句中作主語，故填that/which。 8．the　解析：考查冠詞。句意：解決塑料污染問題是很重要的。此處的問題特指塑料污染問題，故填the。 9．up　解析：考查固定搭配。句意：塑料盤子、杯子及容器占美國垃圾填埋空間的25%到30%。take up占據(jù)時(shí)間、空間，為固定搭配，故填up。 10．to_recycle　解析：考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：據(jù)克利夫

45、蘭州立大學(xué)稱，一個(gè)聚苯乙烯杯子填埋之后需要100多萬年時(shí)間才能降解。take some time to do sth.花掉多長時(shí)間去做某事，為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，故填to recycle。 Ⅳ.短文改錯(cuò) (2019·臨汾市高三聯(lián)考) Last Saturday I went camping with several friends. In the later afternoon, we put up our tent in the middle of a field. Then we cooked a meal over an open fire. The food smelt good. Aft

46、er a meal, we told story and played games by the camp fire. At the eleven o'clock we felt tired but we put out the fire and got into our tent. Lie in our warm sleeping-bags we slept soundly. At midnight one boy woke up and began shouting. The tent was full water! We got out of our sleeping-bags and hurried outside. It was raining heavy. A stream had formed in the field, that wound its way across the field and flow under our tent. 答案 9