2020高考英語一輪復習 課時提能練33 Unit 3 Under the sea 新人教版選修7

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1、課時提能練(三十三) Unit 3　Under the sea 課時作業(yè)A：基礎層面 Ⅰ.語境語法填空 A Last week Mrs. Brown and her child was driving back home after a 1.tasty (taste) meal in a KFC restaurant when a car bumped into hers. That driver obviously got drunk. She and her child 2.narrowly (narrow) missed being killed in the 3.scary

2、 (scare) accident, but the child was badly injured. She was in the 4.depths (deep) of despair those days. This case has 5.sharpened (sharp) the debate over a ban of drunken driving. After days of 6.reflection (reflect) I wrote an article, calling on people to raise the 7.awareness (aware) of risks w

3、hen driving or walking on the road. I also gave some suggestions, including keeping a phone around in case something 8.urgent (urge) happened. B Christmas is drawing 9.close/near, but my seven-year-old sister seems to be in low spirits. I am aware 10.of the fact that she is in some kind of trouble

4、, but I don't know how I can help her 11.out. Tomorrow, my mother and I plan to do some shopping if the fine weather holds 12.up. My sister will stay home 13.in the meantime, babysitting our smallest brother. I'm reflecting 14.on what to do to make her pleased. Perhaps a beautiful doll will be a ple

5、asant surprise to her on Christmas Eve. C There used to be a small village 15.where the two rivers join. Last winter, a terrible earthquake completely destroyed the village, with dead bodies 16.lying (lie) here and there. It was a time 17.when the survivors had to live with cold and hunger. Food a

6、nd clothing could 18.have reached (reach) them but there were constant aftershocks(余震), which delayed the rescue work. The survivors, 19.being (be) very hungry, had to eat grassroots that they could find. It was not until five days later that helicopters came and took all of them to another place to

7、 settle in. Ⅱ.語境短文改錯 根據(jù)P24課文內(nèi)容，對下面材料進行修改。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。 I'm sitting in the warm night air with a cold drink in my hand and reflect on the day. It is a day of a pure magic! I went snorkelling on the reef offshore this morning. Seeing so extraordinary beauty, I think ev

8、ery cell in my body woke up. It was like discover a whole new dimension of life. The first thing I became aware was all the vivid colours surrounded me. And the fish didn't seem to mind myself swimming among them. However, there were other creature that I don't want to get too close to. How a tiny s

9、pot I was in this enormous world! [答案]　 I'm sitting in the warm night air with a cold drink in my hand and on the day. It is a day of pure magic! I went snorkelling on the reef offshore this morning. Seeing extraordinary beauty, I think every cell in my body woke up. It was like a whole new di

10、mension of life. The first thing I became aware was all the vivid colours me. And the fish didn't seem to mind swimming among them. However, there were other that I want to get too close to. a tiny spot I was in this enormous world! Ⅲ.根據(jù)提示補全句子 1．我經(jīng)常懷念我的童年。那是一段幾乎每天都無憂無慮的日子。(It was a time when

11、...) I often miss my childhood. It was a time when I spent almost each day without worries. 2．當他們正打算看他們最喜愛的電影時，他們聽到來自外面的一個奇怪的聲音。(be about to... ) When they were about to watch their favorite movie, they heard a strange noise coming from outside. 3．請記住：哪里有問題，哪里就有解決辦法。(where...there be...) Rememb

12、er that where there is a problem, there is always a solution． 4．每天，學生們要花三個多小時寫作業(yè)。(it takes sb.＋時間＋to do...) It takes the students more than three hours to do their homework every day. 5．我看見他安全地穿過馬路跑開了。(see ... doing) I saw him crossing the road safely and running away. 課時作業(yè)B：能力層面 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A (2

13、019·陜西省部分學校摸底檢測)Scientists are preparing to launch the world's first machine to clean up the planet's largest mass of ocean plastic. The experts believe the machine should be able to collect half of the detritus in the patch—about 40，000 metric tons—within five years. In the past few weeks they hav

14、e been busy welding together giant tubes that will sit on the surface of the sea and form the skeleton of the machine, creating the largest floating barrier ever made. The system, originally dreamt up by Mr. Slat, will be shipped out this summer to the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, between Hawaii an

15、d California, which contains estimated 1.8 trillion pieces of plastic. It will be the first ever attempt to tackle the patch since it was discovered in 1997. Mr. Slat was 16 and still at school when he was diving in Greece and first saw for himself the amount of plastic polluting the sea. “There we

16、re more bags than fish down there，” he recalls. Two years later he came up with a solution, quit university after six months and set up The Ocean Cleanup as a company. Mr. Slat says the first plastic to arrive on shore will be a major milestone. “We as humanity created this problem, so I think it's

17、also our responsibility to help solve it，” he says. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch(GPGP) covers an area of 1.6 million square kilometers and contains at least 79，000 tons of plastic, research found last month. Most of it is made up of “ghost gear” — parts of abandoned and lost fishing gear, such a

18、s nets and ropes—often from illegal fishing vessels. Ghost gear kills more than 100，000 whales, dolphins and seals each year, according to scientific surveys. Seabirds and other marine life are increasingly being found dead with stomachs full of small pieces of plastic. Creatures eat plastic discar

19、ded in the sea thinking it's food but then starve to death because they are not feeding properly. Others are trapped and die of starvation or are strangled or suffocated by ghost gear. 【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了世界首個海洋垃圾清掃機的發(fā)明。 1．What does the underlined word in the second paragraph probably mean? A．Wa

20、ste.　　　　 B．Ocean. C．System. D．Machine. A　[詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段畫線詞前的“collect half of”和第四段第一句中的“first saw for himself the amount of plastic polluting the sea”和第五段最后一句中的“parts of abandoned and lost fishing gear, such as nets and ropes—often from illegal fishing vessels”可推知，畫線詞的意思是“垃圾”。故選A。] 2．Which one makes

21、 up most of the garbage in Pacific from the passage? A．Fishing vessels. B．Dolphins and seals. C．Giant tubes. D．Abandoned fishing gear. D　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句“Most of it is made up of ‘ghost gear’—parts of abandoned and lost fishing gear, such as nets and ropes—often from illegal fishing vessels”可知，

22、太平洋里的大部分垃圾是由廢棄的釣魚用具組成的。] 3．Why do some creatures in The Great Pacific Garbage Patch die of starvation? A．Because they are killed by ghost gear. B．Because they are suffocated by ghost gear. C．Because they don't like eating plastic. D．Because they are not feeding properly. D　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第二句中的

23、“but then starve to death because they are not feeding properly”可知，大太平洋垃圾帶的一些生物死于饑餓是因為它們不能真正地進食。] 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．A report about the death of marine life. B．News about the first machine to clean up ocean plastic. C．Information about ocean plastic. D．The reason for inve

24、nting a machine. B　[主旨大意題。本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了世界首個海洋垃圾清掃機的發(fā)明。第一段“Scientists are preparing to launch the world's first machine to clean up the planet's largest mass of ocean plastic”點明了文章的主題。故選B。] B (2019·合肥市第二次教學質量檢測)Classifying things is critical for our daily lives. For example, we have to detect spa

25、m mail(垃圾郵件), false political news. When we use AI, such tasks are based on “classification technology” in machine learning—having the computer learn, using the boundary separating positive and negative data. For example, “positive” data would be photos including a happy face, and “negative” data ph

26、otos that include a sad face. Once a classification boundary is learned, the computer can determine whether certain data are positive or negative. However, the difficulty with this technology is that it requires both positive and negative data for the learning process, and negative data are not ava

27、ilable in many cases. For instance, when a retailer(零售商) is trying to predict who will make a purchase, they can easily find data on customers who have purchased from them(positive data), but it is basically impossible to obtain data on customers who have never purchased from them(negative data), si

28、nce they do not have access to their competitors' data. According to lead author Takashi Ishida from RIKEN AIP, “Previous classification methods could not cope with the situation where negative data were not available, but we have made it possible for computers to learn with only positive data, as

29、long as we have a confidence score for our positive data, constructed from information such as buying intention or the active rate of app users. Using our new method, we can let computers learn a classifier only from positive data equipped with confidence.” According to Ishida, “This discovery coul

30、d expand the range of applications where classification technology can be used. Even in fields where machine learning has been actively used, our classification technology could be used in new situations where only positive data can be gathered due to data regulation or business constraints(限制). In

31、the near future, we hope to put our technology to use in various research fields, such as natural language processing, computer vision, robotics, and bioinformatics.” 【語篇解讀】　分類對我們的日常生活至關重要。然而在分類技術機器學習過程中，分類既需要積極的數(shù)據(jù)，也需要消極的數(shù)據(jù)，而消極的數(shù)據(jù)在很多情況下是很難獲得的。現(xiàn)在科學家能用分類技術使機器學習只識別積極的數(shù)據(jù)。 5．How can the computer distin

32、guish the positive data from the negative data? A．By learning the classification boundary. B．By updating the data collected regularly. C．By separating happy faces and sad ones. D．By introducing classification technology. A　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Once a classification boundary is learned, the computer

33、 can determine whether certain data are positive or negative”可知，一旦學習了分類邊界，計算機就可以確定某些數(shù)據(jù)是積極的還是消極的，由此可知，計算機是通過學習分類邊界來區(qū)分積極數(shù)據(jù)和消極數(shù)據(jù)的。] 6．Why is the example mentioned in Paragraph 2? A．To prove how important the positive data are. B．To confirm that data on customers are complete. C．To argue that retail

34、ers get their competitors' data. D．To explain why negative data are hard to acquire. D　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章的第二段，尤其是第一句“However, the difficulty with this technology is that it requires both positive and negative data for the learning process, and negative data are not available in many cases”可知，在學習過程中，它既需要積

35、極的數(shù)據(jù)，也需要消極的數(shù)據(jù)，而消極的數(shù)據(jù)在很多情況下是很難獲得的，進而后面舉例說明解釋了為什么消極的數(shù)據(jù)很難獲得。] 7．What do the underlined words“new method”in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Analyzing buying intention. B．Building a confidence score. C．Assessing the active rate of app users. D．Equipping the computer with confidence. B　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的第三段，尤其是畫線

36、詞組前一句中的“but we have made it possible for computers to learn with only positive data, as long as we have a confidence score for our positive data, constructed from information such as buying intention or the active rate of app users”可推知，畫線詞組所在句表示使用這種建立信心指數(shù)的新方法，我們就可以讓電腦只用積極的數(shù)據(jù)來學習，故畫線詞組是指建立信心指數(shù)。] 8．Wh

37、at can be a suitable title for the text? A．The History of Classification Technology B．Smarter AI: Machine Learning Without Negative Data C．Bigger Data: Computers Assisting Language Processing D．The Comparison between Positive Data and Negative Data B　[標題歸納題。通讀全文可知，分類對我們的日常生活至關重要。然而在分類技術機器學習過程中，

38、分類既需要積極的數(shù)據(jù)，也需要消極的數(shù)據(jù)，而消極的數(shù)據(jù)在很多情況下是很難獲得的?，F(xiàn)在科學家能用分類技術使機器學習只識別積極的數(shù)據(jù)。] Ⅱ.完形填空 (2019·福建省質量檢查測試)Every year, the fifth graders at Brookstone Elementary School went on a field trip to Washington, D．C. Terence 1 the exciting trip, and was 2 to go the next year. Terence asked his parents 3 if th

39、ey would pay for half of the trip if he earned the other half of the money himself. His parents 4 . He had almost a year to earn $150. His first 5 was to earn money by babysitting, and he typed a nice letter 6 that “he would babysit during his neighbors' 7 ”. He named a few afternoons

40、available and said he would 8 $1 per hour per child. After five babysitting 9 ， he earned $45. When the 10 weather arrived, Terence knocked on his neighbors' doors to ask if they needed help with 11 work. He helped with mowing(修剪) and weeding gardens. After the summer was over, he ea

41、rned $75. When the fall arrived, he counted his money and 12 that he still needed $30 for his trip. Soon his mom saw a(n) 13 for a job for him. He got a job 14 newspapers every Wednesday afternoon, making 5 cents for every paper, $10 15 each Wednesday. It wasn't long before he had

42、16 money to go on the trip to Washington, D．C. He was 17 in time. The class trip was on October 15. His mom and dad gave him a check for the $150 they 18 him. What a great feeling! He helped 19 the cost of his trip. This experience 20 Terence in many ways, making his dream a reali

43、ty with great efforts. 【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文。小學生Terence非?？释トA盛頓進行實地調查旅行，他希望自己掙一半旅費，另一半由父母資助。父母答應后，他通過幫鄰居照看小孩、修剪花園和給花園除雜草等工作攢夠了錢。 1．A.prepared for B．laid out C．referred to D．heard about D　[根據(jù)空前一句可知，每年Terence所在學校的五年級學生都要去華盛頓進行實地調查旅行；結合該句中的“to go the next year”可知，Terence應該是聽說了這個激動人心的旅行，就渴望來年也去。D項意為“聽說”，故

44、D項正確。A項意為“為……做準備”，B項意為“展開，鋪開”，C項意為“涉及”，都與語境不符。] 2．A.dying B．grateful C．lucky D．proud A　[參見上題解析。be dying to do sth.為固定搭配，意為“渴望做某事”，故A項正確。] 3．A.curiously B．casually C．a(chǎn)nxiously D．briefly C　[根據(jù)上文可知，Terence渴望去華盛頓進行實地調查旅行；又結合語境可知，此處表示Terence急切地問他的父母是否愿意支付他參加旅行的一半費用。C項意為“急切地，渴望地”，故C項正確。] 4．A.submit

45、ted B．a(chǎn)greed C．bargained D．refused B　[根據(jù)下文可知，他有近一年的時間去掙150美元；又根據(jù)下文中的“His mom and dad gave him a check for the $150 they him”可知，他的父母同意(agreed)為他支付一半的旅行費用。] 5．A.idea B．job C．conclusion D．suggestion A　[根據(jù)該句中的“to earn money by babysitting” “typed a nice letter”并結合語境可知，他的第一個主意(idea)就是通過代人臨時

46、照看孩子來掙錢，并打了一封信，信上說(saying)在鄰居不在時他可以幫他們照看孩子。] 6．A.declaring B．confirming C．showing D．saying D　[參見上題解析。] 7．A.stay B．company C．interaction D．a(chǎn)bsence D　[參見第5題解析。absence“缺席，不在”符合語境，故D項正確。] 8．A.pay B．spend C．charge D．donate C　[根據(jù)該句中的“$1 per hour per child”并結合語境可知，Terence幫鄰居照看孩子的收費標準是每個孩子每小時一美元。C項

47、意為“收費，開價”，故C項正確。] 9．A.negotiations B．sessions C．a(chǎn)ttempts D．interviews B　[根據(jù)語境可知，在幫助鄰居照看五次孩子后，他賺了45美元。B項意為“一段時間”，符合語境，故B項正確。] 10．A.warm B．fine C．unusual D．changeable A　[根據(jù)下文“He helped with mowing(修剪) and weeding gardens”可知，該處指當溫暖的(warm)天氣來臨時，他敲鄰居們的門問是否需要幫忙做院子(yard)里的工作。] 11．A.yard B．paper C．s

48、chool D．volunteer A　[參見上題解析。] 12．A.admitted B．determined C．complained D．insisted B　[根據(jù)該句中的“he still needed $30 for his trip”和語境可知，數(shù)過錢后，他算出還需要30美元。determine“準確算出”符合語境。] 13．A.directory B．permit C．a(chǎn)dvertisement D．email C　[根據(jù)下文中他開始送報紙，并結合語境和常識可知，很快他的媽媽看到一個廣告(advertisement)，為他找到了一份工作。A項意為“名錄，電話簿”；

49、B項意為“許可證”。] 14．A.editing B．updating C．printing D．delivering D　[根據(jù)該句中的“newspapers every Wednesday afternoon, making 5 cents for every paper”可知，他得到了一份在每周三下午送報紙的工作，每份報紙掙5美分，每周三總共(in total)掙10美元；deliver newspapers意為“送報紙”，故D項正確。] 15．A.at once B．on time C．a(chǎn)fter all D．in total D　[參見上題解析。] 16．A.extra

50、 B．much C．enough D．easy C　[根據(jù)上文描述的他還需要30美元和他每周三送報紙掙10美元可知，不久他就有足夠的(enough)錢去華盛頓旅行了。] 17．A.just B．even C．ever D．still A　[根據(jù)下文“The class trip was on October 15”可推知，秋天時他賺夠了錢，正好趕上旅行。A項意為“正好”，故A項正確。] 18．A.owed B．lent C. promised D．ordered C　[根據(jù)上文他的父母同意給他出一半的錢可知，此處表示他的父母給了之前向他承諾的150美元的支票。C項意為“承諾”，故C項正確。] 19．A.count B．cover C．estimate D．reduce B　[根據(jù)上文可知，他掙了150美元，他的父母又給他150美元，所以他攢夠了足以支付自己旅行的費用。B項意為“足以支付，夠付”，符合語境，故B項正確。] 20．A.astonished B．shaped C．excited D．impressed B　[根據(jù)語境并結合選項可知，這段經(jīng)歷在很多方面塑造了(shaped) Terence，他以巨大的努力使自己的夢想成為現(xiàn)實。] - 9 -