2020版高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) Unit 1 Great scientists課時(shí)作業(yè)（含解析）新人教版必修5

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1、Unit 1 Great scientists 課時(shí)作業(yè) Ⅰ.閱讀理解 (2019·石家莊模擬D)Imagine a cat that does not need someone to clean up after it keeps an older person company and helps them remember to take their medicine.That is the shared dream of the toy maker Hasbro and scientists at Brown University in Providence，Rhode Islan

2、d.The researchers received a $ 3－million－dollar award from the National Science Foundation for a special project.They want to find ways to add artificial intelligence，or A．I.，to Hasbro's “Joy for All” robotic. The cat has already been for sale for two years.Though priced over 1000 dollars，it sold q

3、uite well.It was meant to act as a “companion” for older people.Now the project is aimed at developing additional abilities for the cat.Researchers at Brown's Humanity－Centered Robotics Initiative are working to decide which activities older adults may need the most.They hope to make the cat perform

4、 a small number of activities very well.Such activities include finding lost objects and reminding the person to take medicine or visit their doctor.They also want to keep the cost down to just a few hundred dollars. It is an idea that has appealed to Jeanne Elliott.Her 93－year－old mother Mary Derr

5、 lives with her in South Kingstown.Derr has dementia (癡呆)．The Joy for All cat that Elliott bought this year has become a true companion for Derr.The cat stays with Derr and keeps her calm while Elliott is at work.Elliott said a robotic cat that helps her mother to remember to take her medicine and b

6、e careful when she walks would be greater. The researchers are trying to learn how the improved cats will complete helpful activities and how they will communicate.They say that they do not want a talking cat，however.Instead they are trying to design a cat that can move its head in a special way to

7、 successfully communicate its message.In the end，they hope to create an exchange between the human and the cat in which the human feels the cat needs them.By doing so，the researchers hope they can even help prevent feelings of loneliness and sadness among elderly people. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文介紹新型的人工智能機(jī)器貓。機(jī)器貓會(huì)給

8、老年人更多的幫助，同時(shí)機(jī)器貓也離不開(kāi)他們。被需要的感覺(jué)是至關(guān)重要的。他們甚至可以幫助防止老年人的孤獨(dú)和悲傷情緒。 1．What's the purpose of the project? A．To relieve the pain of the elderly. B．To promote the sales of a medicine. C．To invent a robotic cat for the elderly. D．To help make the robotic cat smarter. 【答案】　D　目的意圖題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Imagine a cat that

9、 does not need someone to clean up after it keeps an older person company and help them remember to take their medicine.項(xiàng)目的目地是幫助機(jī)器貓更聰明。故選D。 2．Compared with the old model，the new robotic cat will be ________. A．smaller　　 B．Cheaper C．more talkative　 D．more expensive 【答案】　B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句They als

10、o want to keep the cost down to just a few hundred dollars.可知，與舊模型相比新的機(jī)器貓更便宜。故選B。 3．What does Paragraph 3 intend to tell us? A．The cat gives much help to the elderly. B．The more functions of the cat，the better. C．There is no cure for dementia at present. D．Mary Derr would have died without th

11、e cat. 【答案】　A　段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句Elliott said a robotic cat that helps her mother to remember to take her medicine and be careful when she walks would be greater.可知，機(jī)器貓會(huì)給老年人更多的幫助。故選A。 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．A talking cat is quite popular among the elderly. B．Feelings of sadne

12、ss among the elderly are unavoidable. C．Each family can afford such a cat in the future. D．The feeling of being needed is vital to the elderly. 【答案】　D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后兩句In the end，they hope to create an exchange between the human and the cat in which the human feels the cat needs them.By doing so，t

13、he researchers hope they can even help prevent feelings of loneliness and sadness among elderly people.可知，被需要的感覺(jué)是至關(guān)重要的。故選D。 B (2019·鄭州模擬) Great women When it comes to changing the world，these women have invented，researched and collected their way to a place in scientific history. Hedy Lamarr M

14、ore widely known as a Hollywood star during the 1930s and 1940s，Hedy Lamarr(1914－2000)was much more than a pretty face.After her home country Austria was taken over by the Nazi，highly intelligent and fearless，Lamarr worked with scientist and inventor George Antheil to develop a secret communication

15、system.Without her work，wireless(無(wú)線的)technology as we know it today would not exist.Today she is considered as the mother of Wi－Fi. Ameenah Gurib－Fakim Ameenah Gurib－Fakim was born in 1959 in Mauritius，the country for which she now serves as the first woman president.She is a scientist who has spe

16、nt many hours researching the local plants of Mauritius and their values as medicine.She has held many high positions in the fields of both politics and science and was awarded(授予)the 2007 UNESCO Award for Women in Science. Mae C．Jemison On June 4,1987，Mae C．Jemison became the first African－Americ

17、an woman to enter the space program.On September 12,1992，she joined several other astronauts on the Endeavour，becoming the first African－American woman in space.Born in Decatur，Alabama in 1956 and raised mostly in Chicago，Jemison holds many awards and degrees.As a child，Jemison spent a lot of time i

18、n her school library ，reading especially books space. 【文章大意】　本文是說(shuō)明文，介紹了在科學(xué)發(fā)展史上有突出成就的幾位女性及其貢獻(xiàn)。 5．Which of the following did Hedy Lamarr achieve? A．Introducing Wi－Fi for the first time.　 B．Co－developing a communication system. C．Keeping her country from being taken over. D．Playing a key role i

19、n Internet development. 【答案】　B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Hedy Lamarr中Lamarr worked with scientist and inventor George Antheil to develop a secret communication system.Without her work，wireless technology as we know it today would not exist.Today she is considered as the mother of Wi－Fi.可知Lamarr在通訊系統(tǒng)無(wú)線技術(shù)方面做出了很大貢獻(xiàn)，故選B

20、。 6．Why has Ameenah Gurib－Fakim spent much time studying plants? A．To protect the environment.　　　 B．To draw Public attention to them C．To learn about their medical values. D．To help her people start business. 【答案】　C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Ameenah Gurib－Fakim中She is a scientist who has spent many hours re

21、searching the local plants of Mauritius and their values as medicine.可知Ameenah Gurib－Fakim花費(fèi)大量時(shí)間研究植物是為了研究植物的藥用價(jià)值，故選C。 7．It can be inferred that when Mae C．Jemison was young，she ________. A．showed great interest in space　 B．was encouraged by an astronaut C．failed to receive a good education

22、D．wanted to become the first astronaut 【答案】　A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Mae C．Jemison中As a child，Jemison spent a lot of time in her school library ，reading especially books space.可知Jemison小時(shí)候就喜歡有關(guān)太空的書(shū)籍，對(duì)太空感興趣。故選A。 Ⅱ.閱讀七選五 (2019·湖南省三湘名校教育聯(lián)盟模擬)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 A memorable science project I

23、f someone tells you to remember a phone number or address，it feels like an easy task at first.You repeat the numbers to yourself，either aloud or in your mind.But after just a few seconds you might find yourself starting to doubt your own memory.__1__ Thus，it will try to throw away information that s

24、eems old or irrelevant.There are ways of helping our minds retain (記住) information，however，and in this activity you will explore ways that we lose and keep memories. Short－term，or working memory，is a way of describing most people's abilities to store a small amount of information for a brief period

25、 of time in a readily accessible form.__2__ People don't have to stop and think to remember something in short term memory. __3__ Such techniques include visualizing (觀察) the information in a surprising way or linking pieces of information together so that one reminds you of the other.In the case

26、of visualizing information，this could be as simple as remembering you parked your car on the fifth floor in the D section by picturing five dogs sitting in your car! __4__ If you need to purchase cereal (谷物)，milk，fruit，cheese and eggs，you could imagine the cereal in a bowl，with milk pouring over it

27、and pieces of fruit on top.Then imagine cracking an egg over everything，and it's full of melted cheese! These may seem simple or even silly.__5__ In this activity you'll test the recall of a few friends or family members，and learn a few tricks for improving memory! A．There are many techniques for i

28、mproving memory. B．Our brain is always seeking new and useful information. C．Short－term memory has a short duration but is quickly and easily accessed. D．In addition，linking information could help you remember your grocery list. E．Retaining that information over longer periods of time becomes di

29、fficult yet. F．Your short－term memory has a limited amount of space to store information. G．However，they are proved to be good ways for improving memory by scientist. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文介紹一個(gè)值得記憶的科學(xué)項(xiàng)目。 1．【答案】　B　根據(jù)下文：因此，它將試圖丟棄那些看起來(lái)過(guò)時(shí)或無(wú)關(guān)緊要的信息。可知，我們的大腦總是在尋找新的、有用的信息。故選B。 2．【答案】　C　根據(jù)下文：人們不需要停下來(lái)，想在短期記憶中記住一些東西?？?/p>

30、知，短期記憶的持續(xù)時(shí)間很短，但很快就能被訪問(wèn)。故選C。 3．【答案】　A　根據(jù)下文：這些技術(shù)包括以一種令人驚訝的方式可視化信息或?qū)⑿畔㈡溄釉谝黄?，目的是讓你想起了另一個(gè)?？芍?，有許多提高記憶的技術(shù)。故選A。 4．【答案】　D　根據(jù)下句：如果你需要購(gòu)買(mǎi)谷物、牛奶、水果、奶酪和雞蛋，你可以想象一個(gè)碗里的谷物，牛奶倒在上面，上面有水果?？芍?，此外，鏈接信息可以幫助你記住你的購(gòu)物清單。故選D。 5．【答案】　G　根據(jù)上句：這些看起來(lái)很簡(jiǎn)單，甚至有些愚蠢。所以下句應(yīng)該是一句與上句轉(zhuǎn)折的內(nèi)容，“然而，事實(shí)證明，它們是科學(xué)家提高記憶力的好方法?！惫蔬xG。此處However表示轉(zhuǎn)折；G項(xiàng)中的they指上

31、文的These方法。 Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空 (2019·甘肅省部分普通高中第一次聯(lián)考)The truth __1__ trees are vital to our life is not a secret.They provide us with food，wood and most __2__(important)，oxygen.Now there is one more thing we can add to this list－blocking out harmful bacteria from water. The discovery __3__(make)by a team __4__

32、(consist)of scientists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)and high school students __5__ were seeking a natural water filter－one that would help communtities in developing countries that do not have __6__(accessible)to modern water filter systems. The __7__(research)，led by Professo

33、r Rohit Karnik，decided to turn to trees for help because they could allow liouid to flow through，while blocking out air bubbles. They began by cutting 1.5－inch－wide sections of tree bark from the branches of a white pine tree.The people related then tested the wood's filtering ability by pouring wa

34、ter containing red dye particles of different sizes through.__8__ their amazement，they found that it was effective in trapping all the articles.__9__(encourage)，the team conducted __10__experiment，this time with water that contained bacteria.Sure enough，the sapwood held back 99% of the bacteria，allo

35、wing only 1% to flow through. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　樹(shù)木作用巨大。最新研究表明，它們能去除水中的細(xì)菌。 1．【答案】　命題立意：考查同位語(yǔ)從句。 that　此處是同位語(yǔ)從句，又因?yàn)閺木渲胁蝗鄙俪煞郑蔬x用從屬連詞that。 2．【答案】　命題立意：考查形容詞和副詞的轉(zhuǎn)換。 importantly　此處most importantly是在修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞provide，故用副詞。句意為“他們?yōu)槲覀兲峁┝耸澄锖湍绢^，更重要的是提供了氧氣”。 3．【答案】　命題立意：考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。 was made　此處指上文中的新發(fā)現(xiàn)是由一個(gè)被幾個(gè)科學(xué)家組成的隊(duì)伍做出的

36、，the discovery和make之間被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。由本句話可知，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 4．【答案】　命題立意：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 consisting　此處是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)“consisting of scientists”作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾team。因?yàn)楸恍揎椩~team和consist之間是主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。 5．【答案】　命題立意：考查定語(yǔ)從句。 who/that　分析句子可知此處為who/that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，因?yàn)橄刃性~是students，并且students在后面的定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，故用who/that。 6．【答案】　命題立意：考查形容詞和名詞的轉(zhuǎn)換。 ac

37、cess　have access to，意思為“使用，接近，可以利用”，是固定搭配。 7．【答案】　命題立意：考查動(dòng)詞和名詞的轉(zhuǎn)換。 researchers　分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為decided，那么能發(fā)出這個(gè)動(dòng)作的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該為researchers研究人員，研究者。 8．【答案】　命題立意：考查介詞。 To　to one's amazement，是固定結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“令某人驚訝的是”。 9．【答案】　命題立意：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 Encouraed　此處為分詞作狀語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)team與encourage之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故選用過(guò)去分詞“encouraged”。 10．【答案】　命題立意

38、：考查代詞。 another　根據(jù)上文可知關(guān)于此事做過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)，這次是除了上次以外的另一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)，故用another，表示“另一個(gè)”。 Ⅳ.短文改錯(cuò) 假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫(xiě)的以下作文。文中共有10處錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯(cuò)誤涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加，刪除或修改。 增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(∧)，并在其下面寫(xiě)出該加的詞。 刪除：把多余的詞用(\)劃掉。 修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下面一橫線，并在該詞下面寫(xiě)出修改后的詞。 注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞； 2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。 (2019·河北衡水中學(xué)測(cè)試)Alexander

39、was a military genius or great explorer.But he also had a great ambition.He wanted to rule a country that people could live in peace with one another.From 330 to 327B.C.，Alexander led his soldier east，through Afghanistan and into Central Asia.As he travel，he built more cities.He ordered soldiers，mer

40、chants，and scholars from many lands to settle here. In 326 B．C.Alexander turned south，into India.But by now his men were tired and weak.They were far home in an unknown land.The soldiers refused to go farther.Unwillingly，Alexander turned back.By 323 B．C.，he reached for Babylon in present－day Iraq.T

41、here he caught the fever and died at the age of 33.His country was divided between his generals. 【答案】　 Alexander was a military genius great explorer.But he also had a great ambition.He wanted to rule a country people could live in peace with one another.From 330 to 327 B．C.，Alexander led his e

42、ast，through Afghanistan and into Central Asia.As he ，he built more cities.He ordered soldiers，merchants，and scholars from many lands to settle . In 326 B．C.Alexander turned south，into India.But by his men were tired and weak.They were far home in an unknown land.The soldiers refused to go farther.Unwillingly，Alexander turned back.By 323 B．C.，he reached Babylon in present－day Iraq.There he caught fever and died at the age of 33.His country was divided his generals. 9