2019高考英語(yǔ)一輪基礎(chǔ)梳理與練習(xí) Unit 2 Cloning（含解析）新人教版選修8

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1、 Unit 2　Cloning 李仕才 【短文語(yǔ)法填空】 The Mid-Autumn Festival in China has nothing, or at least very little, to do 1. autumn. It’s about time off work, and the gift that few seem to eat but people keep giving to one another：mooncakes. I 2. (learn) about mooncakes when I moved to China’s capita

2、l city, Beijing. When the Mid-Autumn Festival came around, the city was 3. (live) especially with shopping for mooncakes. Every grocery store seemed to have lines of people 4. (carry) that single item(商品) to the counter. I asked my Chinese friends about mooncakes, and 5. majority of

3、 them said that few people actually ate them. Instead，6. (regard) as gifts, they’re chosen for family, friends or co-workers. When years later I moved back to New York City, I didn’t expect to find any public 7. (celebrate) of the Mid-Autumn Festival. But I’ve been surprised at the ways

4、the festival continues in at least the city’s 8. (heavy) Chinese neighborhoods. For weeks before the Mid-Autumn Festival, Brooklyn’s Chinatown，9. I live, looks a little like Beijing with people running in and out of Chinese bakeries, or standing in line at Chinese grocery stores to buy mo

5、oncakes. It looks like Chinese culture can 10. (preserve) while adapting to changing circumstances. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇記敘文。作者在北京居住時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)中秋節(jié)前，盡管很少吃月餅，但人們?nèi)韵矚g買月餅送人?；氐郊~約后，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)紐約的中國(guó)人也這樣做。作者由此發(fā)出感慨：似乎中國(guó)文化在適應(yīng)變化中的環(huán)境時(shí)能被保存下來(lái)。 1．with　解析：考查介詞。中國(guó)的中秋節(jié)和秋天沒(méi)有或者說(shuō)幾乎沒(méi)有一點(diǎn)關(guān)系。它是關(guān)于休息和似乎很少人吃但是人們?nèi)匀换ハ噘?zèng)送的禮物“月餅”的。 have nothing/so

6、mething to do with...“和……無(wú)關(guān)/有關(guān)”，是固定搭配。 2．learned/learnt　解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。當(dāng)我搬到中國(guó)的首都北京時(shí)，我了解了關(guān)于月餅的一些情況。主從句的動(dòng)作幾乎是同時(shí)發(fā)生的，從句用了一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故主句也用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 3．lively　解析：考查形容詞。空處作表語(yǔ)，且意為“氣氛熱鬧的，熙熙攘攘的”，故用形容詞 lively。 4．carrying　解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。每個(gè)雜貨店似乎都排著隊(duì)伍，隊(duì)伍中滿是拿著月餅向柜臺(tái)走去的人。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，people 后是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)，people 與 carry 之間是主謂關(guān)系，且此處表示動(dòng)作正在

7、進(jìn)行，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)。 5．the　解析：考查冠詞。the majority of 是固定搭配，意為“……中的大多數(shù)”，故填the。 6．regarded　解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知， as gifts 作狀語(yǔ)，根據(jù)固定搭配 be regarded as “被視為……”和 they(指代 mooncakes) 與 regard 之間的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系可知，此處應(yīng)該用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。 7．celebration(s)　解析：考查名詞。根據(jù)空前的any public 和空后的 of 可知，空處應(yīng)該填名詞 celebration(s)“慶?；顒?dòng)”。 8．heavily　解析

8、：考查副詞。此處表示“至少在這個(gè)城市有大量中國(guó)人的社區(qū)”?？仗幮揎椥稳菰~Chinese，且表示“大量地，在很大程度上”，故用副詞 heavily。 9．where　解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是 Brooklyn’s Chinatown，表示地點(diǎn)，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故用 where。 10．be preserved　解析：考查動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)。似乎中國(guó)文化在適應(yīng)變化中的環(huán)境時(shí)能被保存下來(lái)。 preserve “保存，保留”，是及物動(dòng)詞，故此處用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 (對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書(shū)P188) 一．高考單詞→識(shí)記·思考·運(yùn)用 1．核心詞匯 ①d

9、iffer vi.不同；相異 __different__ adj.不同的；與眾不同的 __difference__ n．差異；不同 ②__undertake__ (undertook；undertaken)vt.著手；從事；承擔(dān) ③__cast__ vt.扔；投；擲 __cast__ /__cast__ (過(guò)去式/過(guò)去分詞) ④object vi.反對(duì)；不贊成 n．物體；目標(biāo) __objection__ n．不贊成；反對(duì)；異議 ⑤__obtain__ vt.獲得；贏得 ⑥r(nóng)etire vi.退休；離開(kāi) __retirement__ n．退休 ⑦bother vt.打擾 vi.操心

10、n．煩擾 __bothersome__ adj.引起麻煩的，困擾人的 ⑧__strike__ (struck/struck) vi.& vt.& n．打；撞擊；罷工 ⑨__resist__ vt.抵抗；對(duì)抗 2．常考詞匯 ①attain vt.__獲得；達(dá)到(水平、年齡、狀況等)__ ②accumulate vt.& vi.__積累；聚積__ ③procedure n．__程序；步驟；手續(xù)__ ④adore vt.__崇拜；愛(ài)慕；喜愛(ài)__ ⑤forbid (forbade/forbad，forbidden)vt.__禁止；不準(zhǔn)__ ⑥medium n．(pl.media)

11、__媒介；手段；工具_(dá)_ 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．That’s __exactly__ (exact) what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County，California，where 22 measles (麻疹) cases were reported this month，to Brooklyn，N.Y.，where a 17yearold caused an outbreak last year.(2017·北京卷) 2．I have my doubts tha

12、t anyone has actually followed the __procedures__ (procedure) strictly.(2017·天津卷) 3．This combination of healing myself and healing the world __struck__ (strike) me as the perfect solution.(2017·天津卷) 4．You may have the opportunity to make your biggest __difference__ (differ) when you’re older.But w

13、hy not start now？(2016·四川卷) 5．Instead，babies may form an understanding of __object__ (objective) support through repeated experiments. (2016·浙江卷) 6．The Thames has many islands.Miranda __has undertaken__ (undertake) a review of all of them.(2015·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ) 7．The early morning sees the arrival of large

14、 trucks with tomatoes—official fightstarters get things going by __casting__ (cast) tomatoes at the crowd.(2015·福建卷) 8．One of the projects was to build a clay pot，but I built mine __incorrectly__ (correct)，so it broke in the kiln (窯)．(2015·湖南卷) ?“完全地”全掌握 ①altogether 總共；完全地 ②entirely 徹底地，完全地

15、③completely 完全地；圓滿地，全面地 ④totally 完全地；總共 ?快速掌握“獲得”家族 ①receive 收到，得到(信、命令、請(qǐng)?zhí)?；接受(歡迎，請(qǐng)?jiān)傅? ②get 獲得；賺得；贏得 ③obtain 得到，獲得；達(dá)到(目的) ④acquire 獲得；招致；學(xué)得；養(yǎng)成(習(xí)慣等) ⑤gain 獲得；贏得，打勝(戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、官司) ⑥be available 可以得到的，可以買到的 ?“職場(chǎng)經(jīng)歷”的高頻詞速記 ①apply vt.& vi.申請(qǐng) ②appoint vt.任命；委派 ③dismiss vt.免……的職；解雇；開(kāi)除 ④fire vt.開(kāi)除；解雇

16、⑤interview vt.接見(jiàn)；采訪；面試 ⑥promote vt.提升；晉升 ⑦resign vi.辭職 vt.辭去 ⑧retire vi.退休；離開(kāi) ?帶后綴ology的相關(guān)詞匯集錦 ①biology n．生物學(xué) ②geology n．地理學(xué) ③ecology n．生態(tài)學(xué) ④psychology n．心理學(xué) ⑤sociology n．社會(huì)學(xué) ⑥technology n．技術(shù)；工藝 ⑦zoology n．動(dòng)物學(xué) ⑧archaeology n．考古學(xué) 【完形填空】 It was 3 am，a cold and wet night，on August 21,201

17、0.I had just left a local club to travel ten kilometers home when I lost __1__ of my car on Grand Junction Road in Hope Valley. I __2__ into a still car that was __3__ in front of a house，and then hit a tree.I was badly injured！__4__ still，I had no idea that a fire had started __5__ the bonnet (引擎蓋

18、)of my car. __6__ in the car behind me was a young man，who I later found out was called Jared.He saw the accident occur and __7__ to help me out of the car.He put his own life in __8__ when he got into the back seat trying to undo my seat belt. With my seat belt __9__ ，Jared then broke the driver'

19、s window to drag me out.He __10__ did this while my car was burning.__11__ by the crash，the homeowners came out to investigate(調(diào)查)．Jared told them to ring emergency services __12__ he continued to help me out of the car. I __13__ my life to Jared and I consider him a good friend due to the __14__ b

20、ond created on the night he dragged me to safety.I was rushed to the Royal Adelaide Hospital in a __15__ condition，five bones broken. I spent a few weeks in hospital，during which time Jared visited me to see how I was __16__.He also continued to contact me after I returned home.He says he doesn't b

21、elieve that he did anything special.On that，I __17__ disagree with him and am very glad that he didn't get hurt in the __18__. Today，nearly seven years later，Jared and I still __19__ and often talk about the events of that night.Jared is my __20__ and my friend. 1．A.balance B．sight C．inte

22、rest D．control 2．A.got B．stepped C．crashed D．hid 3．A.kept B．parked C．found D．stood 4．A.Worse B．Luckily C．Clearly D．Badly 5．A.off B．under C．near D．beyond 6．A.Sitting B．Sleeping C．Driving D．Wa

23、iting 7．A.stopped B．failed C．happened D．hesitated 8．A.practice B．hand C．safety D．danger 9．A.renewed B．undone C．repaired D．fastened 10．A.hardly B．gradually C．bravely D．naturally 11．A.Annoyed B．Dragged C．Warned D．

24、Woken 12．A.while B．a(chǎn)lthough C．until D．since 13．A.devote B．owe C．take D．save 14．A.bloody B．social C．special D．loose 15．A.nervous B．pleasant C．normal D．serious 16．A.recovering B．operating C．struggling D

25、．relaxing 17．A.eventually B．exactly C．totally D．probably 18．A.spot B．process C．way D．challenge 19．A.take care B．fit in C．drop in on D．keep in touch 20．A.angel B．owner C．doctor D．driver 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。七年前的一個(gè)夜晚，“我”的車失控撞到前面

26、的車輛和樹(shù)木，然后起火，“我”受了重傷，“我”后邊的車?yán)锏哪贻p人勇敢將“我”從車?yán)锞瘸鰜?lái)并把“我”送到醫(yī)院?！拔摇笨祻?fù)后和那個(gè)年輕人成了好朋友。 1．D　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“hit a tree”可推知，“我”的車失控了。lose control of...為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“對(duì)……失去控制”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。 2．C　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“hit a tree.I was badly injured！”可推知，“我”撞上了一輛車。“crash into…”為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“撞上……”。故選C。 3．B　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)本句中的“a still car”和空格后的“in

27、front of a house”可推知，“我”撞上了一輛停在房子前面的車。B項(xiàng)意為“停放(汽車等)”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。 4．A　考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)本句中的“I had no idea that a fire had started...”可推知，撞車本來(lái)就是一件很糟糕的事，而著火則令事情更加糟糕。worse still意為“更糟糕的是”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。 5．B　考查介詞辨析。根據(jù)本句中的“the bonnet(引擎蓋)of my car”可推知，車的引擎蓋下面著火了，而作者并不知情。B項(xiàng)意為“在……下面”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。 6．C　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)下文“He saw the

28、accident occur...”及語(yǔ)境可知，這個(gè)年輕人目擊了這起事故；由此可推知，他當(dāng)時(shí)應(yīng)該是在我后面開(kāi)車。故選C。 7．A　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)下文所描述的這個(gè)年輕人救“我”的過(guò)程可推知，此處是指他停下自己的車然后把“我”從車?yán)锞瘸鰜?lái)。stop to do sth.意為“停下來(lái)去做某事”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。 8．D　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)上文可知，“我”的車撞到了一輛車并起火；由此可推知，這個(gè)年輕人是冒著生命危險(xiǎn)將“我”從車?yán)镒С鰜?lái)的。put...in danger為固定搭配，意為“將……置于危險(xiǎn)之中”。故選D。 9．B　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)上一段中的“when he got into t

29、he back seat trying to undo my seat belt”可推知，他先解開(kāi)了我的安全帶。B項(xiàng)意為“解開(kāi)，松開(kāi)”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。 10．C　考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)本句中的“while my car was burning”可推知，當(dāng)時(shí)車還在著火，所以將“我”從車?yán)镒С鰜?lái)很危險(xiǎn)，他的這個(gè)行為很勇敢。C項(xiàng)意為“勇敢地”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。 11．D　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)文章第一句中的“It was 3 am, a cold and wet night”可知，此處指這家人被這場(chǎng)事故吵醒。D項(xiàng)意為“弄醒，醒來(lái)”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。 12．A　考查連詞辨析。句意為：Jared告

30、訴他們打急救電話，同時(shí)繼續(xù)把“我”從車中拽出來(lái)。while意為“與……同時(shí)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)兩件事同時(shí)發(fā)生。故選A。 13．B　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。此處指“我”能活下來(lái)是因?yàn)镴ared。 owe...to...為固定用法，意為“將……歸功于……”。故選B。 14．C　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)本句中的“created on the night he dragged me to safety”可知，此處是指在Jared救“我”的那晚我們就建立了特殊的聯(lián)系。C項(xiàng)意為“特別的”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。 15．D　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)本句中的“five bones broken”可知，“我”被送往醫(yī)院時(shí)斷了五根骨頭；由此

31、可推知，“我”的傷勢(shì)很嚴(yán)重。D項(xiàng)意為“嚴(yán)重的”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。 16．A　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及常識(shí)可知，Jared來(lái)醫(yī)院是看“我”恢復(fù)得怎么樣了。A項(xiàng)意為“康復(fù)，恢復(fù)”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。 17．C　考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)前一句“He says he doesn't believe that he did anything special.”可知，他認(rèn)為自己并沒(méi)有做什么特別的事情。而“我”在這一點(diǎn)上完全不同意他的看法，因?yàn)樗攘恕拔摇钡拿?。C項(xiàng)意為“完全地，全部地”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。 18．B　考查名詞辨析。此處是指“我”很慶幸他在營(yíng)救“我”的過(guò)程中沒(méi)有受傷。B項(xiàng)意為“過(guò)程”，符合

32、語(yǔ)境。故選B。 19．D　考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。根據(jù)本句中的“often talk about the events of that night”可知，多年后我們?nèi)匀槐３种?lián)系。D項(xiàng)意為“保持聯(lián)系”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。 20．A　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)上文可知，Jared救過(guò)“我”的命，因此“我”覺(jué)得他是“我”的天使、“我”的朋友。A項(xiàng)意為“天使”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。 二．重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)→識(shí)記·思考·運(yùn)用 1．動(dòng)詞＋介詞(副詞) ①pay __off__ 得到好結(jié)果；取得成功；償清 ②cast __down__ 沮喪；不愉快 ③object __to__ 反對(duì) ④owe...__to__

33、...把……歸功于…… 2．in＋名詞(＋of) ①in favour __of__ 贊成；支持 ②__in__ vain 白費(fèi)力氣；枉費(fèi)心機(jī) ③__in__ good/poor condition 狀況很好/壞；情況很好/壞 3．其他形式 ①(be) bound __to__ (do)．..一定或注定(做)…… ②strike...__into__ one’s heart 使……刻骨銘心 ③from time __to__ time 不時(shí)；偶爾 ④bring back __to__ life 使復(fù)生；使復(fù)活 用左欄所給短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．As an inexperi

34、enced teacher，I tried every means to get them to be quiet，but __in vain__，my panic was rising and I could feel my heart beating wildly.(2015·湖南卷) 2．The doctor did all he could to __bring him back to life__. 3．We __are bound to__ meet with difficulties in carrying out this research. 4．Frank won th

35、e first prize in the national English competition，and his efforts at last __paid off__. 5．I have told her about our plan，and she is __in favour of__ it. 6．He __was cast down__ because he was scolded. 7．Traffic accidents happen __from time to time__ on this road. 8．Mountain Tai __struck__ its bea

36、uty __into her heart__ and she decided to visit it again the next year. ?“動(dòng)詞＋副詞”回顧再記 ①break down 壞掉；分解；垮下來(lái) ②break up 打碎；分解 ③bring down 使降低，使下降 ④come out 出現(xiàn)，出版，結(jié)果是 ⑤cut down 砍倒；削減 ⑥get over 克服 ⑦make out 辨認(rèn)出 ⑧put away 收起；儲(chǔ)存 ⑨set aside 撥出；置于一旁 ⑩set off 出發(fā)，引爆 ?“in＋名詞＋of”常用搭配 ①in honor of

37、為紀(jì)念…… ②in charge of 負(fù)責(zé)，掌管 ③in terms of 依據(jù)，根據(jù) ④in praise of 贊揚(yáng) ⑤in favor of 支持，贊同 ⑥in need of 需要 三．佳句選粹——在解讀中學(xué)懂，在仿寫(xiě)中學(xué)通 背原句 學(xué)句型 練仿寫(xiě) 1.Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. 接著傳來(lái)了多莉病重的壞消息。 then位于句首，句子用全部倒裝語(yǔ)序。that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。 接著傳來(lái)了屠呦呦，一位女科學(xué)家，獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的令人興奮的消息。 __Then c

38、ame the exciting news that__ Tu Youyou，a woman scientist，won the Nobel Prize. 2.What do you think is the writer’s point of view in this reading passage? 你認(rèn)為這篇閱讀材料中作者的觀點(diǎn)是什么？ 本句結(jié)構(gòu)為“疑問(wèn)詞＋插入語(yǔ)＋其他部分”。 這本書(shū)中你認(rèn)為哪一部分最有趣？ __Which part of this book do you think__ is the most interesting？ 3.The advantage is

39、 that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die... 其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是如果發(fā)生某種新的疾病，這類動(dòng)物中的一些可能會(huì)死掉…… The advantage is that...“其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是……”，that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。 騎自行車上班的優(yōu)勢(shì)是我們可以過(guò)一種低碳生活。 __The advantage of cycling to work is that__ we can live a lowcarbon life. 【七選五】 Both men and women are living longer these day

40、s in industrialized countries. 1 In general, they can expect to live six or seven years more than men. One reason for this is biological. One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women. 2 Between the ages of about 12 and

41、 50, women produce hormones that are involved in fertility(生育能力). These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and blood flow. In fact, women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks. 3 They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infectio

42、ns. This means that women generally ger sick less often and less seriously than men. The common cold is a good example: women, on average, get fewer colds than men. 4 Scientists are still not exactly sure how influence aging, but they believe that they do. Some think that a woman’s body cell

43、s have a tendency(傾向) to age more slowly than a man’s. Others think that a man’s body cells have a tendency to age more quickly . 5 A. However,?women,?on?average,?live?longer. B. The?biological?factor?plays?an?important?part. C.?Women?are?also?helped?by?their?female?genes. D.?The?fem

44、ale?hormones?also?protect?the?body?in?another?way. E.?Recent?research?seems?to?support?both?of?these?possibilities. F.?Therefore,?women?are?more?healthy?than?men?and?can?live?a?better?life. G.?Hormones?are?chemicals?which?are?produced?by?the?body?to?control?carious?body?functions. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文

45、介紹了女性比男性壽命長(zhǎng)的原因。 1.A 根據(jù)空格下一句 ＂一般說(shuō)，女性比男性多活6到7年＂可知此處的意思是：然而，女性平均比男性壽命更長(zhǎng)。故選A。 2.G 根據(jù)空格上句＂男性和女性之間荷爾蒙的不同幫助女性活得更久＂可知此空的意思是：荷爾蒙是身體分泌的控制身體各種功能的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。故選G。 3.D 根據(jù)下句＂它們幫助身體本身抵抗各種感染＂可知此空的意思是：女性荷爾蒙也用另一種方式保護(hù)身體。故選D。 5.E 根據(jù)空格前兩句＂一些人認(rèn)為女性的身體細(xì)胞有比男性老化慢的傾向，另一些人認(rèn)為男性的身體細(xì)胞有老化較快的傾向＂可知E項(xiàng)＂最近的研究似乎支持這兩種可能＂符合題意。故選E。 11