人教新課標(biāo)必修三 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

First wealth is health. Q1: What should/shouldnt we do to keep healthy? Q2: What kind of food must we eat to be strong? Q3: What ought we to eat to stay slim? 主要情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主要情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 can, could may, might must/have to need dare will/would shall/should/ought to What modal verbs have you learned?1. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有一定的意義，只表示情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有一定的意義，只表示期待期待或或估計(jì)估計(jì)某事的發(fā)生，某事的發(fā)生，不能表示正在發(fā)生或已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情。不能表示正在發(fā)生或已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情。 2. 沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化，即情態(tài)動(dòng)詞第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)不加，即情態(tài)動(dòng)詞第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)不加-s。 3. 不能獨(dú)立使用不能獨(dú)立使用，它和后面的動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。，它和后面的動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。4. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 除除ought 和和have 外外，后面只能接動(dòng)詞原形，后面只能接動(dòng)詞原形5. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有非謂語(yǔ)形式?jīng)]有非謂語(yǔ)形式，即沒(méi)有不定式，分詞等形式。，即沒(méi)有不定式，分詞等形式。 只作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的只作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的 can/could, may/might, ought to, must可情態(tài)可實(shí)義的可情態(tài)可實(shí)義的 need, dare可情態(tài)可助動(dòng)詞的可情態(tài)可助動(dòng)詞的shall/should, will/would相當(dāng)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的相當(dāng)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的have to情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)法特征情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)法特征情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 含義含義否定式否定式注意點(diǎn)注意點(diǎn)must表必要表必要“必須必須”neednt“不必不必”( 區(qū)別區(qū)別 have to)有時(shí)表有時(shí)表“偏要偏要”表推測(cè)表推測(cè)“一定一定” cant“不可能不可能”只能只能用于用于肯定肯定句，句，不能不能用于用于否定、疑問(wèn)句否定、疑問(wèn)句1.must & need & have to 注意：注意：1) must 表示推測(cè)時(shí)，表示推測(cè)時(shí)， 只能用于只能用于肯定句。肯定句。must do 對(duì)對(duì)一般時(shí)一般時(shí)的肯定推測(cè)的肯定推測(cè)must have done 對(duì)對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情作出的肯定判斷作出的肯定判斷must be doing 對(duì)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作進(jìn)行肯定推測(cè)進(jìn)行肯定推測(cè) e.g. 他們買(mǎi)了一輛新車(chē)。他們買(mǎi)了一輛新車(chē)。 他們一定很有錢(qián)。他們一定很有錢(qián)。They have bought a new car. They must have a lot of money.他現(xiàn)在一定在看小說(shuō)。他現(xiàn)在一定在看小說(shuō)。He must be reading novels now.路是濕的。昨天晚上一定下雨了。路是濕的。昨天晚上一定下雨了。The road is wet. It must have rained last night.- Need he start from the beginning? - Yes, he must. - No, he neednt/doesnt have to. 1.作作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)時(shí),僅用于否定或疑問(wèn)句僅用于否定或疑問(wèn)句,后接動(dòng)詞原形后接動(dòng)詞原形,表表“需要需要”2) need You neednt return the book now.2.neednt have done 表示做了本不必要做的事情表示做了本不必要做的事情,意為意為“本不必要本不必要”O(jiān)ur color TV set is still good enough. You neednt have bought a new one.3.作作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)時(shí),表示表示“需要需要”，有人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)、和數(shù)的變，有人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)、和數(shù)的變化化He needs to finish it this evening. The classroom needs cleaning.4) 注意對(duì)注意對(duì)need問(wèn)句的回答問(wèn)句的回答: -Need I finish the work today? -Yes, _. No, _. No, _.you mustyou needntyou dont have toneednt 對(duì)其它情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的回答對(duì)其它情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的回答:-Shall I tell John about it?-No, you _.-No, you _. -Must we do it now? -No, you _.-No, you _.needntdont have toneedntdont have to情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 含義含義否定式否定式 注意點(diǎn)注意點(diǎn)can / could表能力表能力“能能/會(huì)會(huì)”cant“不會(huì)，不能不會(huì)，不能”區(qū)別區(qū)別 be able to表許可表許可“可以可以”cant “不可以，不許不可以，不許”代替代替may表推測(cè)表推測(cè)“可能可能”cant “不可能不可能”主要用于主要用于否否定定/疑問(wèn)句疑問(wèn)句中中1 表示某人通過(guò)努力克服困難做成某事表示某人通過(guò)努力克服困難做成某事,要用要用was / were able to.2 could, might, would 表委婉語(yǔ)氣用于疑問(wèn)句表委婉語(yǔ)氣用于疑問(wèn)句, 答語(yǔ)仍須用答語(yǔ)仍須用 can, may, will.3 can 用于肯定句中用于肯定句中, 可表示可表示”有時(shí)可能有時(shí)可能”2. can/could 4. can/could have done “本可以，本可能做某事本可以，本可能做某事” 用于用于肯定句肯定句中，表示對(duì)中，表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情做出的判斷。做出的判斷。 你本來(lái)可以考的更好。你本來(lái)可以考的更好。You could have had a better mark.5. can/could not have done 對(duì)對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生過(guò)去發(fā)生行為進(jìn)行推行為進(jìn)行推測(cè)測(cè):不可能做某事不可能做某事1) 剛才我還看見(jiàn)他了，剛才我還看見(jiàn)他了， 所以他不可能出國(guó)的。所以他不可能出國(guó)的。 I saw him just now so he couldnt have gone abroad.2) 門(mén)是鎖著的，門(mén)是鎖著的， 所以她不可能在家。所以她不可能在家。The door was locked，so she couldnt have been at home. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 含義含義否定式否定式 注注 意意 點(diǎn)點(diǎn)may /might表許可表許可“可以可以”mustnt “不許，嚴(yán)禁不許，嚴(yán)禁”口語(yǔ)中也可用口語(yǔ)中也可用cant表推測(cè)表推測(cè)“可能可能”cant “不可能不可能”主要用于主要用于肯定肯定句，句，不能用在不能用在疑問(wèn)疑問(wèn)句句 （may not 可能不）可能不）3.may/might注意：注意：might/may have done,表示對(duì)表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作進(jìn)行可進(jìn)行可能性推測(cè)，能性推測(cè)， 1）他可能去醫(yī)務(wù)室了。他可能去醫(yī)務(wù)室了。He may have gone to the clinic.2）他可能已經(jīng)從報(bào)紙上知道這個(gè)消息了。他可能已經(jīng)從報(bào)紙上知道這個(gè)消息了。He might have read about the news in the newspaper.1. -May I use your pencil? -Yes, you may. / No, you mustnt.2. She may not be working now. 3. John might be at home now.4. Helen may go on the trip with us, but she isnt very sure yet.5. She may / might have read it in the paper.6. He may not have finished reading the book.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 用用 法法will1.表表請(qǐng)求請(qǐng)求(第二人稱(chēng)第二人稱(chēng))2.表表意志意志,意愿意愿3.表表某種傾某種傾向或習(xí)慣向或習(xí)慣would1.更更客氣客氣的的請(qǐng)求請(qǐng)求2.過(guò)去的意志過(guò)去的意志（愿愿）3.過(guò)過(guò)去的傾去的傾向或習(xí)慣向或習(xí)慣4.will/would情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 用用 法法shall征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)(第一第一, 三人稱(chēng)三人稱(chēng))表示命令表示命令,警告警告, 威脅或威脅或允諾允諾 (第二第二, 三人稱(chēng)三人稱(chēng)) should / ought to表示勸告表示勸告,建議建議,命令或責(zé)任命令或責(zé)任“應(yīng)該應(yīng)該, 必須必須”表示推測(cè)表示推測(cè), “理應(yīng)理應(yīng), 估估計(jì)計(jì), 大概大概, 可望可望”should 還可還可表示表示“竟然竟然”5.shall ,should 和和ought toYou shall do as I say. (命令命令)1.在陳述句中在陳述句中,shall用于二、三人稱(chēng)表示允諾、警告、用于二、三人稱(chēng)表示允諾、警告、命令、決心等。命令、決心等。Shall I open the window for you？（征求意見(jiàn)）？（征求意見(jiàn)）2.在疑問(wèn)句中在疑問(wèn)句中,用于一、三人稱(chēng)，用來(lái)表示請(qǐng)求或征用于一、三人稱(chēng)，用來(lái)表示請(qǐng)求或征求意見(jiàn)。求意見(jiàn)。注意：注意：Tell him that he shall have the book tomorrow. (允諾允諾)Nothing shall stop me doing it. (決心決心) Shall he fetch some water for you？（請(qǐng)求）？（請(qǐng)求）Young people should learn how to use computers. 3. should常表示勸告、建議、命令，與常表示勸告、建議、命令，與ought to意意義相近，但義相近，但ought to多表示責(zé)任、義務(wù)，語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)烈。多表示責(zé)任、義務(wù)，語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)烈。Every citizen ought to obey law. You ought not to go.You should/ought to have told her the truth earlier. She shouldnt have left without saying a word.4.should/ought to have done表示責(zé)備或批評(píng)表示責(zé)備或批評(píng),意意為為“本應(yīng)該本應(yīng)該但但”,ought to的語(yǔ)氣更強(qiáng)烈的語(yǔ)氣更強(qiáng)烈,用于否定用于否定則表示則表示“本不該本不該但但”5.should用于可能性推測(cè)時(shí)用于可能性推測(cè)時(shí),表表“應(yīng)該，很可能應(yīng)該，很可能”They left at 5:30. They should get there now.1.作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用，常用在否定句否定句和疑問(wèn)句疑問(wèn)句中。Dare (need) +S +VS + darent (neednt) +VI darent walk through the forest at night.Dare you walk through the forest at night?You neednt return the book now.Need he go yesterday?六六.可兼做行為動(dòng)詞的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：可兼做行為動(dòng)詞的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：need 、 dare 2.作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用，常用在肯定句肯定句中, 有人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)、和數(shù)的變化He needs to go there himself.He has grown up, so we dont need to worry about him. 3.Sth (sb) need( want, request)+ doing/ to be done The house needs cleaning/ to be cleaned The boy needs sending to the hospital at once.表示推測(cè)表示推測(cè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的重要用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的重要用法肯定的推測(cè)肯定的推測(cè)可能的推測(cè)可能的推測(cè)否定的推測(cè)否定的推測(cè)疑問(wèn)的推測(cè)疑問(wèn)的推測(cè)must 對(duì)將來(lái)對(duì)將來(lái) 對(duì)現(xiàn)在對(duì)現(xiàn)在 對(duì)過(guò)去對(duì)過(guò)去情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may, might cant, couldntcan, could + V. + V. + have done常見(jiàn)常見(jiàn)must be + be doing + V. + V. + have done + be doing 可以用可以用not表示表示“可能不可能不” +V. + V. + have done + be doing+ V. + V. + have done + be doingI. Try to explain the meanings of the modal I. Try to explain the meanings of the modal verbs in the following sentences.verbs in the following sentences.1.He can speak English well.2.You can go home now.3.That cant be true.4.Could you please show me the way to Beihai Park?5.They hunters are lost. They could starve.6. May I come in?7. He may give you some help.abilityabilitypermissionpermissionguessingguessingrequestrequestpossibilitypossibilitypermissionpermissionpossibilitypossibility8.Dont worry. I will help you.9.Often he would dress up like a rich man.10.Would you like to join us for dinner?11.You shall have the ticket as soon as I get it.12.You should arrive at the airport two hours before he goes.13.It is five oclock. He should turn up soon.14.Wang Feng wins an award every year. He must be strong.promisepromisepast habitrequestpromisepredictionadvicespeculation2. 用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞完成句子用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞完成句子1).Youve been working all day. You_ be very tired.2).(The doorbell rings) I wonder who that is. It _ be Lisa. Shes still in the library at this time.3).It is a long time since we met last time. You _ come and see us more often. mustcantshould4.I havent decided where Im going for my holidays. I _ go to Australia.5.My fathers birthday is coming. What _ I give him?6.Why dont you try on this dress? It _ look nice on you.mayshallwill7. “Who was the man talking with your teacher?” “Im not sure. It _ be her brother.”8.I dont know when the guests _behere. They _arrive at any time. mightwillcould3.完成下列句子：完成下列句子： 1. I dont know where she is, she _. (可能在武漢）可能在武漢）(be)2. At this moment, our teacher _（想必在批改）（想必在批改）our exam papers. ( mark / grade)3. The road is wet. It _(一定下雨了）一定下雨了） last night. (rain) 4. Your mother _ （一定一直在找你）（一定一直在找你）(look)may be in Wuhan gradingmust be marking must have rainedmust have been looking for you.5. Philip _ seriously in the car accident. (可能受了重傷可能受了重傷). (hurt)6. -Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here. -She _(可能走了可能走了)by bus.(go)7. Mike _(一定還沒(méi)有找回一定還沒(méi)有找回)his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.may (might) have been hurtmay (might) have gonecant have foundThanks a lot!